Korobitsyna T.L. characterizes a person’s upbringing with various social qualities that reflect the individual’s diverse relationships to the world around him and to himself. She believes that together these qualities determine the richness and originality of each individual, her uniqueness. In the characteristics of an individual person, some qualities may be absent and may represent a wide variety of combinations.

If an important task of education is to promote the flourishing of each individual, then an equally important and responsible task is to ensure that any individual meets the basic criteria accepted in society. In this regard, the task arises of establishing relatively few, but the most important socially significant qualities that can be considered mandatory for the citizens of our country. Such qualities can serve as indicators of good manners, i.e. the level of social development of a schoolchild, which characterize the degree of his readiness for life in society.

Monakhov N.I. highlighted social qualities that can be formulated in younger schoolchildren.

Partnership - intimacy based on comradely (friendly) relationships; sharing something with equal rights.

Respect for elders is a respectful attitude based on recognition of their merits.

Kindness is responsiveness, emotional disposition towards people, the desire to do good to others.

Honesty - sincerity, integrity, integrity and impeccability.

Diligence is the love of work. Labor is work, occupation, effort aimed at achieving something.

Thrift - careful attitude towards property, prudence, economy.

Discipline - subordination to discipline (mandatory for all members of any team, submission to the established order, rules); maintaining order.

Curiosity - a tendency to acquire new knowledge, inquisitiveness.

Love of beauty is a constant strong inclination, passion for what embodies beauty and corresponds to its ideals.

The desire to be strong, dexterous is a persistent desire to achieve the physical or moral ability to act actively.

English teacher of the highest category Ponasenko I.I. highlights other significant qualities of a student’s personality:

initiative;

independence and responsibility for the results of one’s own decisions;

readiness and need to work with modern sources of information in professional and everyday spheres of activity;

ability and willingness to live and interact in a modern multicultural world;

readiness for education and self-improvement throughout life.

Teachers of the Tomsk comprehensive school compiled a more complete list of social qualities of schoolchildren into a table and identified two types of personal qualities:

Intelligent	Mental qualities + mental processes affecting cognitive activity	Independence Receptivity to new things Systematicity Analyticity Reasoning
	Right Expressiveness Accuracy Relevance Logic
Reflexive	Ability to highlight risks
Psychosocial	Emotional-sensual	Ethical (love, dignity, honor). Aesthetic (feeling of beauty). Culture of emotions and feelings
Behavioral	Activity Will (dedication, perseverance, internal discipline) Responsibility
Communication	Tolerance Ability to listen and hear Ability to navigate the audience Openness
Creative	Research, artistic, technical abilities

However, this is rather a basic set of social qualities of people, which should be formed in every person. For us, it is much more interesting to find out what social qualities are or should be inherent directly in lawyers.

Let's consider the socially significant qualities of lawyers based on professional factors that influence their personality.

The first factor - a high level of social (professional) adaptation forms the following social qualities:

high level of legal awareness; honesty, civil courage, conscientiousness; integrity (intransigence) in the fight against law enforcement violators; commitment, conscientiousness, diligence, discipline.

The second factor is the neuropsychic (emotional) stability of the lawyer’s personality. This factor assumes:

resistance to stress, high level of self-control over emotions and behavior, performance in critical, frustrating situations; developed adaptive properties of the nervous system, strength, balance, mobility, sensitivity, activity, dynamism, lability, plasticity of nervous processes, allowing at the official level to maintain performance in a state of fatigue, the ability to adequately respond to various events.

The third factor is a high level of intellectual development, cognitive activity of a lawyer. This factor is determined by the following social qualities of the individual:

developed intelligence, broad outlook, erudition; flexible, creative thinking, mental performance, ability to highlight the main thing; activity, mobility of mental cognitive processes (perception, memory capacity, productive thinking, attention); developed imagination, intuition, ability to abstract, reflect.

The fourth factor is the lawyer’s communicative competence. Communicative competence presupposes the following personality qualities:

the ability to establish emotional contacts with various participants in communication, maintain trusting relationships with them, within the necessary limits;

insight, the ability to understand the inner world of the interlocutor, his psychological characteristics, needs, motives of behavior, state of mind;

a friendly, polite attitude towards people, the ability to listen to a participant in a dialogue, empathy (the ability to respond emotionally to the experiences of the interlocutor);

free, flexible command of verbal and non-verbal means of communication;

the ability in conflict situations to carry out a strategy of communicative behavior that is adequate to the situation, to change the style of communication depending on the circumstances;

the ability to cooperate, reach compromises, agreements, developed self-control over emotions and mood in extreme situations;

adequate self-esteem;

sense of humor.

The fifth factor is organizational skills. They allow a lawyer, regardless of the type of his professional activity, to exert a controlling influence on various people with whom he has to enter into dialogue in the process of professional communication. Therefore, a lawyer must have the following social qualities:

activity, initiative, resourcefulness, courage, determination, perseverance, dedication, the ability to highlight the main thing, predict the consequences of decisions, independence, a sense of responsibility for one’s actions and deeds, organization, composure, accuracy in work.

The following properties also play an important role in organizational abilities: communicative competence; neuropsychic stability; adequate self-esteem; high motivation to achieve success.

Important neuropsychic social qualities of the profession include: emotional stability; plasticity of nervous processes; reduced level of anxiety, tolerance, resistance to neuropsychic stress.

Thus, there are a lot of types of social qualities of people and even sociology itself cannot begin to list them all, since every profession, every nationality, every age, in addition to the generally accepted basic one, also has its own special set of social qualities.

For social pedagogy, personal qualities are of interest, on which the success of its socialization depends. These include: individuality, rationality, responsibility, character and temperament, activity and determination, self-control and introspection, direction and will, as well as abilities, needs, motivation, worldview, beliefs, value orientations (T.A. Vasilkova).

Individuality is distinguished by unique natural and socially acquired properties. Being in constant development, individuality is at the same time the most stable quality of a person. Taking into account personal individuality affects the effectiveness of social education.

Reasonableness characterizes the ability to responsibly foresee the results of actions and actions. A responsible attitude towards oneself and external situations distinguishes a socially mature person.

The psychological core of a person is character, which stabilizes his social forms of activity. Character is formed as a result of the socialization of temperament and is manifested in a person’s attitude towards others and himself. Character is “a system of stable motives and modes of behavior that form a behavioral type of personality” (M.I. Enikeev). Character indicates the degree of balance between the internal and external worlds, the characteristics of an individual’s adaptation to the reality around him, and determines the type of interaction with the outside world. Unlike temperament, character is responsible for the social sphere of an individual’s behavior.

Temperament represents the natural inclination of an individual to a certain style of behavior and largely determines mental states. It manifests itself in sensitivity to external influences, emotionality, impulsiveness or restraint, sociability or isolation, ease or difficulty of social adaptation. Temperamental traits are divided into extraversion and introversion.

The activity of a person reflects the degree of interaction with the outside world. A distinction is made between internal activity (implemented in action) and external activity (when performing an uninteresting task). The support in social education should be the internal activity of the individual. Determination serves to develop certain qualities.

When working with a person, you should take into account her needs and be able to influence them. Personal needs are “the need experienced by a person to eliminate deviations from the parameters of life activity that are optimal for him as a biological being, an individual and a personality” (M.I. Enikeev).

Motivation is responsible for the direction of activity, the intensity and duration of maintaining its basic parameters. It is formed in conjunction with the development of worldview, general, individual and special abilities and with the individual’s awareness of his place in life. Motivation is complex, contradictory, changeable and always emotionally charged. There are various motivational states: interests, desires, aspirations, intentions, drives, passions, attitudes (semantic, goal-oriented, operational). By exerting a targeted influence on the motivational states of an individual, it is possible to influence his motivation for learning and development.

Direction demonstrates a tendency in a person’s behavior and is manifested in worldview, spiritual needs and deeds. Orientation represents the value-orientation system of the individual, the hierarchy of basic needs, values ​​and stable motives of behavior. The focus reflects the spiritual and practical sphere. The German psychologist E. Spranger identified the leading personality orientations: scientific person, economic person, aesthetic person, social person, political person, religious person.

Will manifests itself in the ability to overcome obstacles on the way to a goal.

Abilities, according to M.I. Enikeev’s definition, are “a set of innate anatomical, physiological and acquired regulatory properties that determine a person’s mental capabilities in various types of activities.” A person’s abilities and character are formed throughout his life on a certain natural basis. Abilities as a set of innate and acquired properties determine a person’s mental capabilities in various types of activities,

Worldview is a generalized system of views of a person (and society) on the world as a whole, on one’s place in it, understanding and assessing the meaning of one’s life and activities, and the destinies of humanity. This is a set of generalized scientific, philosophical, socio-political, legal, moral, religious, aesthetic value orientations, beliefs, convictions and ideals of people.

Beliefs are a system of views that testify to the formation of a personality and are its core. Socialization is closely related to the development of individual beliefs. It is impossible to arbitrarily change beliefs rooted in the depths of the soul; they can change in conditions of a radical revaluation of values, during critical periods in the life of society and individual development.

Value orientations determine the thoughts, actions and relationships of people, characterizing the essence of personality.

Each of these traits is equivalent and of equal value when analyzing personality.

Personality is a system of socially significant qualities of an individual, a measure of his mastery of social values ​​and his ability to realize these values.

Personality Research Personality is the most complex mental construct in which many social and biological factors are closely intertwined. A change in even one of these factors significantly affects its relationship with other factors and the personality as a whole. This is due to the variety of approaches to the study of personality - different aspects of the study of personality come from different concepts, they contain a large number of methods and formulations.

VARIETIES OF METHODS: V. M. Bleicher and L. F. Burlachuk (1978) proposed as a conditional the following classification of methods for studying personality: 1) Observation and methods close to it (study of biographies, clinical conversation, analysis of subjective and objective anamnesis, etc.). d.); 2) Special experimental methods (modeling of certain types of activities, situations, some instrumental techniques, etc.); 3) Personality questionnaires and other methods based on assessment and self-esteem; 4) Projective methods.

Personality questionnaires are a type of personality tests that refer to “pencil and paper” type measurement techniques, which allows them to be used in group examinations. Personality questionnaires are a series of standard verbal stimuli - questions or statements, the answers to which are considered as behavioral reactions of a person.

The Hans Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) will help you find out the patient’s temperament, determine the type of temperament, taking into account introversion and extroversion of the personality, as well as emotional stability. Diagnosis of self-esteem according to G. Eysenck is, perhaps, a classic technique for determining temperament and one of the most significant in modern psychology.

Instructions. You are asked to answer 57 questions. The questions are aimed at identifying your usual way of behavior. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first “natural” answer that comes to your mind. If you agree with the statement, put a + (yes) sign next to its number; if not, put a - (no) sign next to its number.

Answers that match the key are worth 1 point! Extraversion - introversion: “yes” (+): 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56; “no” (): 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 37, 41, 51. Neuroticism (emotional stability, emotional instability): “yes” (+): 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 , 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 57. “Lie scale”: “yes” (+): 6 , 24, 36; "no" (): 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

Extraversion - introversion: more than 19 bright extrovert, more than 15 extrovert, more than 12 tendency to extroversion, 12 average value, less than 12 tendency to introversion, less than 9 introvert, 5 deep introvert. Neuroticism: more than 19 a very high level of neuroticism, more than 13 a high level of neuroticism, 9 - 13 average value, less than 9 a low level of neuroticism. False: more than 4 is insincerity in the answers, which also indicates some demonstrative behavior and the subject’s orientation toward social approval; less than 4 is the norm.

Brief description of the results An extrovert can be described as a sociable and outward-looking individual, a wide circle of acquaintances, a need for contacts. An introvert is a calm, shy, person prone to introspection. Reserved and distant from everyone except close friends.

Along with the concept personality we also use terms such as person, individual And individuality. All these concepts have specifics, but they are all interconnected. The most general, integrative concept is the concept Human - a being that embodies the highest stage of life development, a product of social and labor processes, an indissoluble unity of the natural and the social. But carrying within himself a social-clan essence, each person is a single natural being, an individual.

Individual– this is a specific person as a representative of the genus homo sapiens, the bearer of the prerequisites (inclinations) of human development.

Individuality– the unique originality of a particular person, his natural and socially acquired properties.

In concept personality a system of socially significant human qualities comes to the fore. In a person’s connections with society, his social essence is formed and manifested.

Each society creates its own standard of personality. The sociology of a society determines the psychological types of a given society.

Personality has a multi-level organization. The highest and leading level of the psychological organization of the individual - its need-motivational sphere - is personality orientation, her attitude towards society, individuals, herself and her work responsibilities. For a person, not only his position is important, but also his ability to realize his relationships. This depends on the level of development of a person’s activity capabilities, his abilities, knowledge and skills, his emotional-volitional and intellectual qualities.

A person is not born with ready-made abilities, character, etc. These properties are formed during life, but on a certain natural basis. The hereditary basis of the human body (genotype) determines its anatomical and physiological characteristics, the basic qualities of the nervous system, and the dynamics of nervous processes. The biological organization of man, his nature, contains the possibilities of his mental development. But a human being becomes human only through mastering the experience of previous generations, enshrined in knowledge, traditions, and objects of material and spiritual culture. The natural aspects of a person should not be opposed to his social essence. Human nature itself is a product not only of biological evolution, but also a product of history. The biological in a person cannot be understood as the presence of some kind of “animal” side in him. All natural biological inclinations of a person are human, not animal inclinations. But the formation of a person as an individual occurs only in specific social conditions.

What at first glance appears to be “natural” qualities of a person (for example, character traits) are in fact the consolidation in the individual of social requirements for his behavior.

Personal development is associated with the constant expansion of its capabilities and the elevation of its needs. The level of personality development is determined by the relationships characteristic of it. At a low level of development, personality relationships are determined mainly by utilitarian, “dealing” interests. A high level is characterized by the predominance of socially significant values ​​and her spirituality.

By regulating his life activity in society, each individual solves complex life problems. The same difficulties and collisions are overcome by different people in different ways. To understand a personality means to understand what life tasks and in what way it solves, what initial principles of behavior it is armed with.

Being included in certain social relations and conditioned by them, the individual is not a passive participant in these relations. Individual life activity is largely autonomous.

A personality trait is also its isolation. Awareness of one's isolation allows an individual to be free from arbitrary transient social institutions, the dictates of power, and not to lose self-control in conditions of social destabilization and totalitarian repression. Personal autonomy is associated with its highest mental quality – spirituality. Spirituality is the highest manifestation of a person’s essence, his inner commitment to human, moral duty, subordination to the highest meaning of existence. The spirituality of a person is expressed in his superconsciousness, the need for a persistent rejection of everything base, selfless devotion to sublime ideals, isolation from unworthy motives, momentary prestige and pseudo-social activity. But the more primitive a society is, the stronger its tendency towards universal egalitarianism, the more people there are who blindly obey the required standards. A person who speaks in ready-made slogans stops caring about his personal self-construction.

The qualities of a person are determined by the range of his practical relationships, his involvement in various spheres of social life. A creative personality goes beyond the immediate social environment and forms itself on a broader social basis. The individual may reveal the promise of society. It can personify the future society, ahead of its current state. Isolation of a personality means its independence from the narrow confines of a closed group and is an indicator of personality development.

The development of the individual - the formation of a system of its socially positive qualities - requires certain social prerequisites, social demand, and the neutralization of factors leading to the alienation of the individual.

In the formation of an individual as a personality, processes are essential personal identification(the formation of an individual’s identification with other people and human society as a whole) and personalization(an individual’s awareness of the need for a certain representation of his personality in the life activities of other people, personal self-realization in a given social community).

A person interacts with other people based on "I-concepts" personal reflection - your ideas about yourself, your capabilities, your significance. Personal reflection may correspond to the real self, but it may not correspond to it. Overestimated and underestimated levels of personal aspirations can give rise to various intrapersonal conflicts.

The life path of an individual lies in a specific historical social space. The uniqueness of the production of material conditions, the sphere of consumption, and social relations determines a person’s lifestyle, the sustainable uniqueness of his behavior and, ultimately, the type of personality.

Each personality forms its own life strategy– a stable system of generalized ways of transforming current life situations in accordance with the hierarchy of one’s value orientations. Life strategy is the general direction of personal life affirmation. A socially valuable strategy is highly moral self-realization of the individual, the development of a spiritual-ethnic and spiritual-ethical lifestyle. At the same time, the life activity of the individual becomes internally determined, and not situationally determined. The individual begins to live with his own socially meaningful life prospects.

In the absence of a life strategy, an individual submits only to current meanings and tasks, his life is not realized with the necessary completeness, the motivation of his life activity decreases, and his spiritual and intellectual needs are narrowed.

All significant deformations of a person are associated with her self-reflection, defects in her self-awareness, shifts in her meaning formation, and with personal depreciation of objectively significant spheres of life.

The most important indicator of a person’s state is the level of her mental self-regulation, the mediation of her behavior by socially formed standards.

A personality is characterized by a complex of stable properties - sensitivity to external influences, a stable system of motivation, attitudes, interests, the ability to interact with the environment, moral principles of self-regulation of behavior. All these personality traits are an integration of genetic, hereditary and socio-cultural factors.