After the suppression of the peasant uprising led by E.I. Pugacheva, Empress Catherine II carried out a new administrative-territorial reform. Russia was divided into 50 provinces. By decree of March 2, 1778, the Vladimir province was formed from 14 counties or districts.
By decree of Catherine II of September 1, 1778, the province was transformed into a governorship. The Vladimir governorate was divided into 14 districts. Gorokhovetsky district also became one of the districts of the governorship. It was enlarged at the expense of the lands of the Zamotrensky camp of the Murom district (,). The size of its territory remained virtually unchanged until 1924.
On December 12, 1796, Emperor Paul I adopted the Decree “On the new division of the state into provinces.” The Vladimir governorship was transformed into.
By 1881, Gorokhovetsky district included 22 volosts.

Gorokhovetsky district in a modern grid of districts

Gorokhovetsky district was located in the east of the Vladimir province. It bordered on Vyaznikovsky district in the west, Muromsky district in the south, as well as Kostroma province in the north and Nizhny Novgorod province in the east.

It occupied an area of ​​4,352.85 km² (3,825 sq. ver.).
It was located on part of the territories of modern Gorokhovetsky, Vyaznikovsky and Muromsky districts of the Vladimir region, Pestyakovsky and Verkhnelandekhovo districts of the Ivanovo region, Volodarsky and Pavlovsky districts of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

There are two significant rivers in the district - Oka and Klyazma; from the rafting rivers in the district flowed the Lukh, a tributary of the Klyazma, along which timber was rafted; lakes - up to 130.
In 1841, regular communication began to Gorokhovets along the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod highway. “Vladimir Provincial Gazette” wrote: “The public’s expectations regarding the final construction of the highway from Moscow to Gorokhovets have been fulfilled. Throughout the summer of 1841, travelers and convoys followed the highway non-stop. According to partial information, it is known that from Gorokhovets to Nizhny Novgorod the new road in 1842 will not yet be fully constructed.” This section of the route was completed in 1845.

The residents of Gorokhovo, together with all of Russia, survived the shameful Crimean War, which demonstrated to the whole world the depravity of serfdom, and, as a consequence, the backwardness of a great country. A militia was collected in the Vladimir province. An emergency provincial noble meeting on February 14, 1855 elected the former Preobrazhensky landowner of the Sudogodsky district, Guards, as head of the militia. Colonel Mikhail Andreevich Katenin. Colonel Pyotr Ivanovich Yazykov was elected head of the Gorokhovets squad, which was assigned the number 122. In total, 1,110 warriors were to be conscripted into the Gorokhovets squad. The names of the officers of the Gorokhovets squad are known. These are staff captains Bartenev, Ivanov and Timofeev, lieutenants Axelm de Zhibory, warrant officers Aksenov, Kapitanov, Smetanin, Ovsyannikov and Prince Shcherbatov.
The Gorokhovets squad, like the entire Vladimir militia, was unable to take part in military operations in the Crimea, since it only managed to reach the Kyiv province, where the news of the end of the war found it. Having stood from July 17 to October 26, 1855 in the town of Tsibulev, assigned to the Ladoga reserve infantry regiment, the squad returned home. However, despite this, the commander of the 4th company, Staff Captain Bartenev, was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd degree, and Staff Captain Timofeev, the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class.

In 1859, the largest settlements were: Gorokhovets (2,513 people), Nizhny Landeh (1,348 people), Pestyaki (1,317 people), Myt (843 people), Tatarovo (779 people), Grishino ( 724 people), Zolino (712 people), Upper Landeh (662 people), (543 people).

According to the 1897 census, the largest settlements in the county: the city of Gorokhovets - 2297 people; With. Pestyaki – 1550 people; With. Fominki – 1196 people; With. Tatarovo – 1011 people; With. Lower Landeh – 888 people; With. Zolino – 873 people; Taranovo village – 858 people; Poltso village – 832 people; With. Grishino – 796 people; – 734 people; village of Balandino – 718 people; With. Krasnoe – 666 people; With. Myt – 662 people; With. Upper Landeh – 630 people; Vamna village – 621 people; Rozhdestveno village – 617 people; Zolotovo village – 609 people; d. Bol. Bykasovo - 607 people; village Ivachevo – 597 people; With. Borovitsy – 594 people; Rebrovo village – 582 people; Zlobaevo village – 571 people; Sosnitsy village – 560 people; With. Starkovo – 552 people; Medvedevo village – 550 people; Shchepachikha village – 512 people; Prosier village – 508 people; Ozhigovo village – 503 people.

The population of the county in 1859 was 86,246 people; according to the 1897 census, there were 92,240 residents in the county (38,860 men and 53,380 women).

Education

The first zemstvo free reading rooms in Gorokhovetsky district began to function in 1898 in the villages of Pestyaki and Fominki. In 1899, six more similar libraries were opened: Kozhinskaya, Grishinskaya, Sergievskaya, Nizhnelandekhovo, Neveroslobodskaya and Mytskaya. In 1900, the Svyatskaya, Verkhnelandekhovo, Mordvinovskaya and Kromskaya zemstvo reading rooms appeared. Most of them owed their existence to the zemstvo chief of Gorokhovetsky district A.A. Burmin. Being in the volost centers, i.e. in places where the percentage of literate people was slightly higher than in other villages and villages, libraries could not boast of a large number of readers. Thus, in the best of the listed libraries (Pestyakovskaya, Verkhnelandekhovo and Nizhnelandekhovo), there were 434, 355 and 362 readers, respectively. At the same time, in reading rooms at the beginning of the twentieth century. there were a little more than 1100 volumes. The villages were large, and such indicators should be considered very mediocre.
In 1897-1898 academic year. year in Gorokhovetsky district there were 20 parochial schools, of which one was second-grade, 18 literacy schools, 30 zemstvo schools. There were 837 students in parochial schools, 189 in literacy schools, and 1,474 in zemstvo schools. All Orthodox children of school age were 6,650 boys and 6,898 girls, leaving 3,012 boys and 5,925 girls without education.
In con. XIX century open Svyatsky Zemstvo School. The zemstvo premises, built in 1898, are quite good, lighting class 1: 4.5, cubic air volume per student 2.5 meters. The insufficient air volume depends on the overcrowding of the school with students, in 1899 - 97 people (at the beginning of the year there were even more). Heating and ventilation are satisfactory. The school has an overnight shelter in a rented building that accommodates 30 people. There is an apartment for the teacher - a room and a kitchen.
Sergiev-Gorsk Zemstvo School. The premises are public - under the volost government, divided by a bulkhead into two classes. There were 95 students in 1899.
City Men's School(1899): Head of the school - count. Assess. Nikolai Porfirovich Ivanov-Samoilov. Teacher of the law - priest. Ivan Andreevich Smirenin. Teacher - above. owls Konstantin Petrovich Sakharnikov. Assistants: Philip Markovich Ryzhov; Mikhail Anufrievich Okunkov.
City Primary Girls' School(1899): Teacher of the Law - Deacon. Ivan Petrovich Speransky. The teacher is Alexandra Ivanovna Semenikhina. Assistant – Anna Konstantinovna Karlikova.
District School Council(1899): Chairman - district leader of the nobility. Members: district police officer; Chairman of the district zemstvo government; count Assess. Nikolai Porfirovich Ivanov-Samoilov; prot. Andrey Pavlovich Berezhkov; merchant son Mikhail Nikolaevich Baluev.
Inspector people. schools - stat. advice. Mikhail Gavrilovich Shaposhnikov.
The Taranovsky Agricultural Society opened an educational institution in 1912.

City Government(1899):
City mayor - merchant .
Members: intercession place of the mayor, cross. Ivan Andreevich Dokuchaev; purchase Ivan Mikhailovich Larin. Member candidates: merchant. son Mikhail Ivanovich Sudoplatov; local Mikhail Ivanovich Klimovsky; purchase Stepan Stepanovich Kulikov.
Taking the place of the chairman according to 120 art. city. positive – def. Guard corvette Nikolai Pavlovich Krasnoshchekov. City Secretary - title. owls Grigory Efimovich Remezov.
County Zemstvo Government:
Chairman - governor secret Fedor Ksenofontovich Prishletsov. Members: intercession Chairman's seat, compartment Leonid Dmitrievich Larin; count register. Petr Ivanovich Vysokosov; cross. Pyotr Vasilievich Tarutin. Secretary – lips. secret Fedor Ivanovich Avdakov.
County Treasury:
Treasurer - count. owls Vladimir Alexandrovich Grudinsky. Accountant - count. secret Leonid Stepanovich Bogdanov. Accounting assistants: title. owls Ivan Semenovich Krylov; no rank Vasily Ivanovich Zuev.

Medicine

Bourgeois elder- local Nikolai Ivanovich Karlikov 2nd.

Forester of Gorokhovetskoe forestry- title. owls Alexander Nikolaevich Sidorov.

In May 1860, earthworks began in Gorokhovetsky district to prepare the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway. The completion of its construction made it easier for the population of the county to go to work. But this did not affect the further development of the city.

History has not brought to us the details of the implementation of the peasant reform in the district on February 19, 1861. Everything probably went smoothly. One can even assume that the Gorokhovets nobility accepted the Manifesto on the liberation of peasants from serfdom for granted.

In 1902, in Appendix No. 101 to the magazine “Picturesque Russia”, under the heading “dead”, it was reported that on November 23, “Shumilov Valentin Aleksandrovich, Gorokhovets district leader of the nobility, a famous figure in the labors for the liberation of the peasants (1861)” died. This message on the pages of such a large publication about a Gorokhovo citizen who has received recognition in Russia speaks for itself.
Time has preserved for us the name of another participant in the peasant reform in Gorokhovensky district. This is Ivan Drovetsky - the global mediator of the 2nd section. During the period of the reform in Gorokhovetsky district there were estates and estates of the following landowners: Prince Vyazemsky, Shulgins, Countess Ivelich, Solomirsky, Kokoshkins, Rushevs, Iovskaya, Klementyev, Kablukov, Lupandin, Mavrins, Stechkins, Burmins, Bartenevs, Shumilov, Kruzenshternov, Savelova, Prince Shcherbatov, Oznobishins, Princess Shakhovskaya, Admiral Lazarev and others. This far from complete list of landowners of the Gorokhovets district can be continued with the names of many small landowners who, like the peasants, thought with distrust and anxiety in 1861 what to do next. Everyone will act in accordance with their moods: the peasants were in no hurry to buy the land and increased their withdrawal to the side, the landowners were in no hurry to sell it. Due to the massive influx of labor into the cities, the first signs of the emergence of capitalism began to appear in Russia. At the same time, the spheres of activity of otkhodniks from Gorokhovetsky district are expanding. If before the 80s. traditional was the departure from the district to barge haulers, sailors, distillers, carpenters, masons and longitudinal sawyers, then from the beginning of the 80s. In connection with the development of oil fields in the Caucasus, the construction of railways in Russia and the resumption of the construction of warships on the Black Sea, there is a need for completely new, previously unknown professions. This was facilitated by the emergence of a new driving force driving ships and carriages. The horse, water and wind were replaced by steam. The famous Gorokhovets carpenters - "Yakushi", noted by Vladimir Ivanovich Dal in his dictionary, rushed to Baku and Grozny, where they began to build wooden oil derricks. At the same time, ship hulls, tanks for storing petroleum products, bridge spans, steam boilers and casing pipes for drilling rigs began to be made of metal, and, in connection with this, a profession in their manufacture appeared. People who possessed this skill began to be called boilermakers. Gorokhovets became the center of distribution of this craft throughout Russia.
In 1901, in “Materials for assessing the lands of the Vladimir province” the following was said about them: “The second (after carpenters) and most widespread trade in the Gorokhovetsky district is becoming a boilermaker. His district is Kozhinskaya and Krasnoselskaya volosts: in the first there are 56 percent boilermakers, male industrialists, in the second there are 58.9 percent. Some villages are almost entirely boilermakers... This industry began not so long ago, 15-20 years ago. Previously, people in this area visited distilleries and malt factories. Recently, people with education have begun to be hired as distillers, and practical distillers have been left behind, and along with them fellow village workers, whom the former distillers called to their factories. To be fair, it should be noted that many Gorokhovets distillers managed to get an education and, until 1914, were leading experts in their field in certain regions of Russia. For example: I.A. Dmitriev from the village. Departure - in the Penza province, G.N. Molokov from the village. Departure - to Voronezhskaya, E.G. Chesnokov from the village of Departure - Nizhny Novgorod, I.V. Trofimov from the village of Kupriyanovo - in Smolenskaya, N.I. Belov from the village of Shubiio - in the Tobolsk provinces. Boilermakers also produce talented people with great practical skills and organizational abilities. As a rule, having advanced to the ranks of foremen, guides or contractors, they specialized in one particular area of ​​the boiler industry. Their names are known. These are bridge workers: Dryazgin M.F. - from the village of Klokovo, Ershov P.V. - from Kupriyanovo. Shipbuilders: Arkhipov D.A. - from, Surkov D.S. - from the village of Kruglovo, Shorin I.A. - from the village of Viezd, Kashkanov T.S. - from the village of Yakutino. Specialists in the manufacture of cutters and casing pipes: Semenychev S.I. - from the village of Gruzdevo, Prozorov A.M. - from . Specialists in the manufacture of water towers, lighthouses and building structures: Sergeev I.M. and Sergeev G.M. - from the village of Shubino. Zinoviev P.F. - from the village of Berkunovo, Valov A.I. - from the village of Gonchary.

The first Russian revolution of 1905 almost did not affect Gorokhovetsky district. There were several spontaneous peasant uprisings, expressed in unauthorized felling, grassing and arson of estates. Near the village of Kozhina, the estate of collegiate assessor Evstratiy Pavlovich Mednikov, assistant for political investigation of Moscow police chief Zubatin, burned down. Mednikov was one of the organizers of Sunday schools for workers and supervised the preparation of the procession of workers to the Tsar on January 9, 1905. The peasants Kamentsev and Shapov were accused of arson.
After the revolution, the peasant of the village of Morozovka, Mikhail Petrovich Borishchev, who was exiled under special police supervision, appeared in the district, and the peasant of the village of Morozovka, P.N., was sent under the open supervision of the police. Polovnikov and tradesman of the town of Gorokhovets I.A. Golovushkin, under police supervision, peasant of the village of Vyezd E.E. Arkhipov and the peasant of the village of Yakutino P.E. Gostintsev, under the secret supervision of the police, a peasant from the village of Morozovka I.F. Pryakhin. All of them were boilermakers in different cities of Russia. Mikhail Petrovich Borishchev subsequently headed the primary organization of the RSDLP(M) on. These are probably the first revolutionaries from Gorokhovetsky district. After the suppression of unrest in the Baltic states, they went to Gorokhovets; Peasants Abel and Jan Skulme were exiled.
Boiler skills at this time were in demand in the labor markets more than ever. Russia was building a navy and exploring the Far East. In a short time, the Great Siberian Road was built, connecting Japan and the Far East with Europe by rail. A railway was built from Transbaikalia to Harbin through the territory of Manchuria. Hundreds of Gorokhovo boilermakers built bridges across the Yenisei, Amur, and Sungari rivers.

By 1913, Gorokhovetsky district was divided into 16 volosts:
Borovitskaya volost - village. Borovitsy
Grishinskaya volost - village. Grishino
Verkhne-Landehovskaya volost - village. Upper Landeh
Kozhinskaya volost - village. Kozhino
Krasnoselskaya volost - village. Red
Kromskaya volost - village. Kromy
Mordvinskaya volost - village. Mordvino
Mytskaya volost - village. Wash
Myachkovskaya volost - village. Myachkovo
Neveroslobodskaya volost - Khrychevo village
Nizhne-Landekhovskaya volost - village. Lower Landeh
Pestyakovskaya volost - village. Pestyaki
Svyatskaya volost - village. Holy
Sergievskaya volost - village. Sergiev Gorki
Stepankovskaya volost - village. Babasovo
Fominsk volost - village. Fominki.

On the eve of the First World War, Gorokhovetsky district, like all of Russia, was experiencing the peak of its economic recovery. In 1914, the 50th anniversary of the introduction of zemstvo administration in Russia was celebrated. This progressive institution of self-government yielded enormous results in the development of the county. Suffice it to say that at the beginning of 1915, in the Gorokhovetsky district there were 80 zemstvo schools with 63 libraries, in which 5524 students studied, 5 hospitals, 11 obstetric sites, 6 rental points for agricultural machines and 4 agricultural warehouses. The successful work of the zemstvos was largely due to the responsible, efficient and selfless people who headed the institutions. In the Gorokhovets zemstvo these were the district landowners, the hereditary nobles Burmins, Bulygins, Prishletsovs, Krasnoshchekovs. This is how the city and county entered into 1917.
After the February bourgeois revolution in the city in July 1917, a new city Duma of 13 people was elected, and on September 10 the county Council of Peasants' Deputies was formed. District Judge Pyotr Sergeevich Shumilin was appointed Commissioner of the Provisional Government in Gorokhovetsky District.
In 1917, the district was politically the bearer of peasant interests, and as a result of this, there was a strong influence of the Socialist Revolutionaries in it. During the elections to the constituent assembly in November 1917, the votes of Gorokhovo residents were distributed as follows: for the Socialist Revolutionaries - 57.4 percent, for the Bolsheviks - 32.1 percent, for the Cadets - 8 percent, for the Revival of Holy Russia party - 0.4 percent , for the National Socialists - 1 percent, for the Mensheviks - 0.9 percent, for the cooperators - 0.2 percent.
At the Vladimir Provincial Congress of Soviets on March 7-10, 1918, it was reported that Soviet power had been strengthened in Gorokhovetsky district since January 2, 1918.
On January 9, 1918, the district Council of Peasants' Deputies merged with the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. Commissioner of the Provisional Government in the district P.S. Shumilin was arrested and sent to Vladimir in custody. A new historical stage in the development of the city of Gorokhovets and Gorokhovets district has begun.

Prominent natives of the county

Poet.
Patolichev, Semyon Mikhailovich - full Knight of St. George, brigade commander, hero of the Civil War.
Patolichev, Nikolai Semenovich - Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR.
(1881-1946) - hydrogeologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
- astronomer, rector of Kazan University, one of the discoverers of Antarctica.

Industry

“Vladimir Provincial Gazette” reported in 1842: “In the city of Gorokhovets there are 4 brick factories, in the district there is one flax spinning factory, owned by the Vyaznikovsky merchant Elizarov,” and also that “...breaking of alabaster stone is carried out in urban dachas in the city of Gorokhovets." The above-mentioned factory was described in detail by the Russian traveler, landowner of the Tver province D.P. Shelekhov in his book “Travel along Russian Country Roads”.
“Knitting woolen stockings, socks, wargs: Gorokhovetsky u. With. Pestyaki and the adjacent estates of the prince. Shcherbatova. 5965 people are engaged in this fishery; sales of products in 1854 extended to 123,500 rubles. in various Siberian cities, as well as in Moscow and Rostov in winter and in Nizhny Novgorod during the fair” (Vladimir Provincial Gazette, 1855, No. 13).
Industry in the county is underdeveloped: 819 factories and factories, 572 industrial and commercial establishments, 733 workers.

In the letter of grant from Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich to the Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery, dated 1462, it is said... “my Gorokhovskys and their Tivini have settled, and their guards are sitting on the washhouse under the settlement near Gorokhovsky, as they sat before in the old days...” From From this phrase we can conclude that already in the 15th century. At the crossing of the Klyazma in Gorokhovets, a washing yard was located in the settlement, and the princely administration lived in the city.
In the charter of Grand Duke John Vasilyevich to the Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery under the year 1485 it is written “...he gave to the All-Merciful Savior in the monastery, in the Nizhny Novgorod district, in the Gorokhovets volost, the dug up that Yuri Stolnik dug up.” This phrase not only makes it impossible to date the emergence of the Gorokhovets district in the 15th century, but also raises the question of the presence of some unstudied historical object in the vicinity of Gorokhovets - a dig. However, in the end XVI century, judging by the entry in the charter of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, dated August 1591, “Behold, the Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of all Russia has been granted... in the Gorokhovetsky district the Hermitage of St. Sergius the Wonderworker was conceived...” Gorokhovetskip district already existed.
The exact time of the final formation of the Gorokhovetsky district has not been established, but probably this event occurred no earlier than mid. XVI century, just like back in the end. XV century Gorokhovets was a volost town in Nizhny Novgorod district.
In 1628, the local order was replenished with further works containing information about one of the small parts of the Moscow state. The scribal and survey books of local and patrimonial lands were completed, as well as the survey book of the boundaries of the Gorokhovets district “... letters and surveys of Zakharya Vasilyevich Bykov and the clerk Pyatov Kolobov.” These books, to some extent, shed light on the state of the then Gorokhovets and his surroundings. The very name “Boundary Book of the Gorokhovets District” suggests that in the beginning. XVII century Gorokhovets was the center of the administrative division of the Moscow State - the district.
Documents from 1628 contain the first, albeit extremely vague, information about the city. This is how this information was presented in 1628: “And in the scribe books of 136 it is written, the city of Gorokhovets, a city town on a mountain on the river on the Klyazma, and the city was burned by the Circassians in 127, according to the entire fortification, two hundred and forty-two fathoms, and inside in the city there was a temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and inside the city there were Posatsky people for the siege of the time there were cagers who burned the Circassians in 127, and under the city down the Klyazma River opposite the settlement there was a fort with a stanchion and towers for the time of the siege, and the fort and towers rotted, and the rotten penal servitudes fell out and those fortresses seized the Kraichev Tiuns and fenced the viceroy's courtyard, and other fortresses burned out from the Cherkasy people and the water carried them away, but only now the prison is forty fathoms standing and a tower along the Moscow to the main road, and then everything has rotted and collapsed, and as near the entire prison place, nine hundred and eighty fathoms and with a standing prison, and the Gorokhovsky Posatsk people submitted a painting behind their hands, and in the painting it is written: in the past in 127, in Nizhny Novgorod they gave a copper cannon to Voivode Boris Nashchekin, and clerk Dementya Obraztsov to the Sovereign treasury of Gorokhovsky one and a half, and fourteen zatina cannons...” From the record it follows that, being completely wooden, Gorokhovets safely survived the “time of troubles” and in the beginning. XVII century had a fortified city and settlement, and in 1619, as a result of hostilities with the “Circassians,” the city was burned, and the fortifications of the settlement were partially damaged and by the time the scribal book was written they had fallen into disrepair.
In con. XVI century There were no residents living in the city itself, located on the mountain. Inside the fortification there was only the “Temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker” and temporary barracks or “cage” barracks, where the population of Gorokhovetsky Posad lived only during the period of hostilities.

In the 17th century, there were two monasteries in Gorokhovets - Nikolaevsky (1643) and Sretensky, and in the district there were four more: Znamensky Krasnogrivsky (1599), Georgievsky (1364), Vasilyevsky (1352) and (1651). The most famous among the monasteries was the Florishcheva Monastery. Thanks to the ascetic activity of its abbot Illarion of Suzdal, its fame spread far beyond the boundaries of the Gorokhovets district.
Gorokhovets in the 17th century. was the administrative center of the district, bordering in the west with the Yaropol volost of the neighboring Vladimir district, and in the northeast - with the Suzdal and Balakhninsky districts. In the 17th century Gorokhovetsky district had clear boundaries, defined back in 1581 by scribe Luka Novosiltsev and his assistants. Borders of Gorokhovetsky district in the 17th century. differed significantly from the borders of the current district and the boundaries of the Gorokhovetsky district that existed before the administrative division on August 14, 1944. For example, the villages were in the Murom district, and the northern part of the former district with the villages of Myt and Nizhny Landeh belonged to the Suzdal district.
The word uyezd basically means a territory that can be covered on horseback in a short period of time - a day. According to historian Yu.V. Gauthier, set out in his work “Zamoskovsky region in the 17th century”, the reason for separating Gorokhovets district into a “special administrative whole” was the fact that Gorokhovets with adjacent volosts was often given into feudal ownership: in 1158 to the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral, in 1509 . together with the income from the toll house - to Prokofy Matveevich Apraksin, in 1608, a significant part of the Gorokhovetsky district, namely the Krasnoselskaya volost, Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky presented to the steward of Rostov, Prince Ivan Buinosov, from whom it was inherited by his son Alexei Ivanovich Buinosov, and he, in turn, bequeathed it to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. A record has been preserved that “... of blessed memory Alexey Mikhailovich, the steward, Prince Alexey Ivanovich Buinosov of Rostov in the Gorokhovets district, struck his village Krasny with the villages in 7174 (1665) with his forehead.”
In 1679, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich gave Gorokhovets to his master, Prince V.F. Odoevsky. Yu.V. Gauthier also gives a description of the components of the Gorokhovetsky district - two volosts: Krasnoselskaya and Kuplenskoy, and two camps: Lukhmansky and Ramensky. The population of the county was distributed extremely unevenly across its territory. The most densely populated was its mountainous part, consisting of the Krasnoselskaya and Kuplenskaya volosts and the Lukhmansky camp, and the northern part, the Ramensky camp, was sparsely populated, since the influx of population into this part of the county became most noticeable only in the end. XVI century after laying the road from Gorokhovets to Balakhna through the territory of the camp. The mountainous part of the county was covered with a relatively dense network of settlements and roads of state and local importance. The most important of them was the road from Vladimir to Nizhny Novgorod. Roads of secondary importance include roads to the cities of Lukh, Balakhna, Pavlov Ostrog, Murom.

Map of probable borders and communication routes of Gorokhovetsky district in the 17th century.

Among the roads of local importance, there were roads connecting the administrative centers of the county and leading to places of busy economic activity (fields, meadows, lands, fishing grounds, local fairs). Of no small importance were the roads connecting the monasteries, along which religious processions took place on certain church holidays, and local shrines passed by, for example, the road from the Florishcheva Hermitage to Ramenya and from Gorokhovets to the Florishcheva Hermitage, which then went to the city of Lukh. The road network of that time was completely different from the network that has developed today. This is explained by completely different economic interests of the population and economic ties inside and outside the county.
The road to Nizhny Novgorod was the road to the Middle Volga and further to Siberia and Central Asia. Thanks to her, in the 17th century Gorokhovets lived an active life, if not as a trading point, then as a transshipment point.
Scribes in 1646 noted that in the Gorokhovetsky district peasants “... plow arable land for the prince and are hired on ships.” Probably they were talking about watermen and barge haulers. These two professions survived among the population of the southeastern part of the county until the beginning. XIX century Flax cultivation in the 17th century. extends to the northern, newly settled part of the county. The fame of products made from Gorokhovets flax spread far beyond the Urals. Siberian “industrial and service” people passed through the 17th century. between two continents and probably landed on the coast of Alaska under sails sewn with harsh threads made from flax in the distant Gorokhovetsky district.
In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich created, as part of a secret order, the personal office of the king, a grain order, to which half of the village of Krasnoye was soon assigned. In turn, Gorokhovets with the village of Gorodishchi, as the property of the tsar, was classified as a secret order. Due to the fact that the grain order was in charge of distilling, this extremely profitable branch of the national economy immediately spread in Gorokhovetsky district and Krasnoselskaya volost. From the bread that came to the Krasnoselskaya volost from the outskirts of Arzamas and Alatyr, about 1,400 buckets of “good” wine and 3,000 buckets of “common” wine were produced annually. The selling price of one bucket was 1 silver ruble, with the production cost of 45 kopecks. Naturally, this extremely profitable occupation immediately gained a foothold in the district and determined the future occupation of residents of a number of settlements (DD, Kuprianovo, Shubino), whose population began to engage in distilling.

Gorokhovetsky district is a direct continuation of the adjacent Yaropol volost, Vladimir district, which does not exceed in size. Most likely, this district was originally part of the grand ducal region and separated later. One of the reasons for its separation into a special administrative unit could be the fact that the city of Gorokhovets with adjacent volosts was often given over to feudal ownership.
Back in the 13th century, during the era of the Tatar defeat. Gorokhovets was the patrimony of the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral, as it was called “the city of St. Mother of God." In the 17th century Gorokhovets was privately owned several times; in 1646 - boyar S. L. Streshnev, in 1678 - handsome prince Odoevsky. The boundaries of the Gorokhovetsky district were clearly defined at the end of the 16th century. scribes Luka Novosiltsev and his comrades who worked in 1584
Gorokhovetsky district of Zamoskovsky region(according to scribe and census books of the 17th century):
1. Krasnoselskaya volost. On the right bank of the Klyazma, around the city of Gorokhovets. Name from the village Krasny, near the district town.
2. Kuplenskaya volost. South of the previous one, along the Klyazma River and the lower reaches of the Suvorishchi (Suvorshi) River. Name from .
3. Stan Lukhmansky. The southern outskirts of the old Gorokhovsky district, along the Suvorshi River. The origin of the name is unclear.
4. Stan or volost Ramenskaya. Northern Zaklyazemskaya forest part of the county. The name indicates the wooded nature of the parish.

In 1708, by decree of December 18, Russia was divided into eight provinces. Gorokhovets and Vyaznikovskaya Sloboda became part of the Kazan province, although the districts in which they were registered were part of the Moscow province. Soon Gorokhovets and Vyaznikovskaya Sloboda became part of it.
In 1719, the Moscow province was divided into nine provinces, including four provinces from the cities of the Vladimir Territory. Vladimir, Gorokhovets and Murom became part of the Vladimir province.
Since 1724, in Gorokhovets, together with the voivodeship office, the City Magistrate, governed by the burgomaster and ratmans, began to operate, endowed with judicial, police, and fire protection functions.
The first volume of “Topographic News”, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in 1772, contained “a topographic description of the Volodymer, Suzdal, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Yuryevsk-Polish provinces of cities in the 1760s,” compiled by the inspector of the gymnasium of the Academy of Sciences, Ludwig Backmeister. The materials of this description illuminate the “city of Gorokhovets and its district in the Volodymyr province.” Its description was compiled “based on the news composed in the Gorokhovets Voivodeship Office at the request of the cadet corps, sent to the academy on February 16, 1767, signed by Semyon Lebedev and Ivan Filipov.” Here is the partial text of this document:
“The city of Gorokhovets is located 126 versts from Volodymer, 90 versts from Nizhny, 85 versts from Murom and 80 versts from Balakhna. Since ancient times, it was built on a mountain and surrounded by an earthen rampart, of which some remains are still visible; and now it stands under that mountain near the Klyazma River itself, which flows from west to east on the right side and has no fence... There are state-owned stone buildings, a former customs house and a salt store, 6 merchant stone houses. In this city, according to the data of the current third census, the number of men and women in the tales of the merchants is 621, and the number of house-serfs is 9 souls. The merchants of Gorokhovets are partly sufficient, partly mediocre, and mostly poor... According to news from the Moscow Magistrate in the cadet corps, the townsfolk of Gorokhovets also practice brickwork, carpentry, carpentry and fishing, and among these crafts, mediocre casting of bells and making copper cauldrons, The utensils and blacksmithing are in better condition.
Trading day in the week of fours, on which people come from different places with different goods. In Gorokhovetsky district, according to the data for the current third census, 6,607 souls were written about the number of men and women in fairy tales. This includes several schismatics. In addition to ordinary arable work, district peasants are employed as carriers and hired by various ranks of people. Along the Klyazma River from Gorokhovets in the spring, rafting ships sail to the Oka River, and from there along the Volga to various cities even to Astrakhan with the goods described above, and to the top of the Oka starting from Nizhny Novgorod to Vyaznikovskaya Sloboda and Suzdal district to the village of Kovrova barges with bread, fish and salt. Along the Lyulekha River, 30 versts from the city, there is a factory for smoking wine contracted to Moscow, which was established in 1763.”
This description can be supplemented with information from the city plan that has come down to us, drawn up in 1771: “... in this city there are 8 stone monasteries and churches, 9 stone merchant houses, 3 state-owned stone buildings, 221 wooden houses, merchant courtyards, 49 common buildings ..."

During the reign of Catherine II, Gorokhovets underwent another church reform. In 1764, the Russian Empress took away all the estates from the monasteries with almost a million peasants for the treasury and closed 523 monasteries out of 953 that existed in the country. After this, only 2 monasteries remained in Gorokhovets and its environs: the Nikolaevsky Monastery and the Florishcheva Monastery.
The events associated with Pugachev's uprising almost did not affect Gorokhovetsky district. There are only a few known cases of robbery of the Florishcheva Hermitage in the second half. XVIII century In this regard, in 1776, a military guard was placed at the monastery, which guarded it until 1800.

On March 2, 1778, it was established with 14 counties or districts.
was formed in 1778 as part of the Vladimir governorate, from 1796 - the Vladimir province.

/Gautier, Yuri Vladimirovich (1873-1943).
Zamoskovny region in the 17th century [Text]: Research experience in the history of economics. life Moscow Rus/Yu. V. Gauthier. - 2nd view ed. - Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1937 ([Leningrad]: type art. "Printing") /

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