§ 1 French numerals from 1 to 100

Knowing what numbers are called in French is just as important as knowing words like bonjour, merci, s’il te plaît, au revoir. Numbers or numerals surround us everywhere. Phone numbers, car numbers, television channels, textbook pages have numbers everywhere. Cash equivalents, ages, dates, times all consist of numbers. In this lesson we will get acquainted with the French numerals from 1 to 20 and learn what tens up to one hundred are called. And the little girl Nina will help us get acquainted with the French numerals from 1 to 20, who does exercises while counting, is capricious, runs, climbs on objects and is very happy with everything. Here's a poem.

Un, deux, trois,

Un petite Nina.

Quatre, cinq, six,

Fait l'exercice.

Sept, huit, neuf, dix.

Elle a une caprice.

Onze, douze, treize,

Elle court à l'aise.

Quatorze, quinze, seize,

Elle monte sur la chaise.

Dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt.

Nina est très contente.

Please note that from 1 to 16, each French numeral has its own name, and the numerals 17, 18, and 19 are compound, that is, 17 consists of the digits 10 + 7, resulting in dix-sept, 18 consists of 10 + 8 dix- huit, 19 is 10 + 9 in French dix-neuf. Now read the poem again, but just replace the letter designations of the numbers with the numbers themselves.

Knowing well the names of the numbers from 1 to 20 in French is very important. After all, they regularly appear in other French numerals. You can easily verify this by becoming familiar with the French names for tens.

So, for example, from 10 to 60, all French tens have their own name:

If you want to say, for example, the number 33, you should go to 30 + 3 and say trente-trois, 46 = 40 + 6 quarante-six.

Please note that only numbers are called, the actions themselves remain in the mind.

From 70 to 99, French numerals have compound names.

Thus, the number 70 consists of the numerals 60+10 and is pronounced soixante-dix. Next, for example, if you want to say the number 73, you will have to use your knowledge of arithmetic and first compose the example 73 = 60 + 13 in French soixante-treize. The number 80 consists of the numerals 4 · 20 quatre vingts, which are multiplied, and all subsequent units are added. So, to say the number 85 you need to make the following example 85=4 · 20+5 in French quatre-vingt-cinq.

Please note that only numbers are spoken out loud in French, all actions remain in the mind. One of the most difficult numbers to remember and perceive is 90, which consists of the numbers 4 · 20 + 10 and is pronounced quatre-vingt-dix. 95 in French is quatre-vingt-quinze, and, for example, 99 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf. The ninth ten numerals are closed by the number 100 in French, as short as in Russian - cent. 200 deux cents, with an s at the end, 300 trois cents, and so on.

§ 2 Indication and definition of time in French

As you can see, French numerals will require you to have a good knowledge of arithmetic, as well as excellent knowledge of French numbers from 1 to 20. Knowledge of numbers from 1 to 20 will also be required to become familiar with the French notation of time, which will be discussed further.

Quelle heureest-il? You probably guessed it

What time is it?

Literally, the French question is translated as -What time is it now? When the French answer a question like this, or simply want to say what time it is, they always begin their answer with Il est….

For example, Il est 3 heures. It's 3 o'clock now. Three o'clock in the afternoon is usually designated as Il est 15 heures. It's 15 o'clock now. Although you can also find the designation Il est 3 heuresde l’après-midi. It's three o'clock now.

The feminine word for "hour" in French is une heure. Therefore - It's one o'clock - the French will say Il estuneheure.

In all other cases, an unreadable letter s will be added to the word “heure” “hour” at the end of the word, which denotes the plural person.

When it is noon on the clock, that is, exactly 12 noon, the French say Il estmidi. It is noon. The prefix mi - means half. When midnight comes, the French say Il estminuit. It's midnight. Mi - half, nuit - night.

When the clock shows half of an hour, in Russian we say, for example, Half past four. The French will say Il est 4 heureset demie. It's 4:30 now.

You can often hear the expression, for example, Quarter past nine, that is, 8.15.

The French word for quarter is le quart. And at quarter past nine the French will say

Il est 8 heures etquart. It's 8 o'clock and a quarter now.

Please note that in such phrases the word quart is used without an article. But if the French want to say, for example, It is now a quarter to nine, they will say Il est 9 heuresmoins lequart. The word quarter is already used with an article. That is, if you want to say how many hours and a quarter you say et quart, how many hours without a quarter moins le quart. Il est 10 et quart.

It's quarter past ten. Il est 4 heures moins le quart. It's a quarter to 4 now.

The easiest way is with minutes.

For example, It’s 3:20 a.m. the French will say Il est 3 heures 20. Or Now it’s five to 10, the French will say Il est 10 heuresmoins 5.

Please note that in the French version the word minutes are not pronounced, only numbers.

Of course, the easiest way is to simply call time with minutes, without using words such as half, quarter, quarter to quarter. Most likely, you will be understood. However, in order to enrich your vocabulary and understand the texts of the textbook and modern French speech, I advise you to remember these nuances, and also learn well the French names of numbers from 1 to 20, the names of tens, and do not forget about French arithmetic of numbers.

List of used literature:

1. French. A large reference book for schoolchildren and those entering universities / E.V. Ageeva, L.M. Belyaeva, V.G. Vladimirova et al.-M.: Bustard, 2005.-349, p.- (Large reference books for schoolchildren and applicants to universities.)
2. Le petit Larousse illustré/HER2000
3. E. M. Beregovskaya, M. Toussaint. Blue bird. A teacher's book for the French language textbook for grade 5 in general education institutions.
4. Gak, V.G. new French-Russian dictionary / V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganshina.- 10th ed., stereotype. –M.: Rus.yaz.-Media, 2005.- XVI, 1160, p.
5. E. M. Beregovskaya. Blue bird. French. 5th grade. Textbook for general education institutions.

Images used:

The numbers in French sound very melodic and are somewhat similar to the numbers of other European countries: Spain, Italy and England. But at the same time, for example, there are significant differences in the sound of the numbers “four” and “five”. Especially five and fifteen are difficult to remember for Russian children who are starting to learn French numerals, and cumbersome numerals after eighty plunge them into complete bewilderment.

French numbers from 1 to 20: transcription in Russian

Numbers in French are divided into simple and complex, consisting of one word and several.

	Troyes		sober
	quadr		hard labor
	senk		kanz
			dis-set
			diz-whit
			des-neuve

From the table above it can be seen that, starting with the number seventeen, the numbers take a double form, consisting of the designation of tens and units in the number. This feature of the account applies to all numbers.

Moreover, in the numbers “twenty-one”, “thirty-one” and so on, between the number denoting ten and one, a conjunction is added for consonance et(e), which does not apply to subsequent numbers.

Features of the French numeral system

In the language of romance and love, counting does not lend itself to any logical direction and sometimes sounds like an absurdity in comparison with Russian numerals: nineteen, when translated into our usual language, sounds like “ten and nine”, thirty-seven like “thirty and seven”, that is, tens are voiced and units separately.

The numbers “five” and “fifteen,” despite the common five, sound completely different: “senk” and “kanz,” which creates a significant problem when memorizing. Among French teachers teaching Russians, there is even an unspoken rule that no one remembers fifteen even on the tenth attempt.

Numbers after seventy sound extremely unusual: in order to pronounce seventy-five, you must say “sixty and fifteen”: soixante-quinze ( Suasant Kanz), and to pronounce the number seventy-eight: “sixty-ten-eight” (soixante-dix-huit - suasant-dis-uit). This creates a certain confusion when memorizing, and only by delving into the peculiarities of French counting can one understand this unusual principle of calculation.

Four by twenty

This unusual method is used to express the number eighty (quatre-vingts - Quatre Van) and then all subsequent numbers up to one hundred are based on this principle:

• eighty-two: four times twenty and two;
• ninety: four times twenty and ten;
• ninety-two: four times twenty and twelve ( Quatre Van Doose);
• ninety eight: Quatre-van-dis-neuf.

The French owe such an unusual counting system to the Celts and Normans, who had a great influence on the formation of the language in ancient times: trade transactions were carried out frequently and everywhere, and twenty-digit counting was very useful in long-term accounting calculations. By the way, the Aztecs and Mayans, famous for their powerful civilization and wisdom, also used the twenty-digit counting system.

Numbers over one hundred

After a hundred (cent - san) and two hundred (deux cents - de san- two times a hundred) everything becomes even more interesting, because with the pronunciation of French numbers that are several words long, you will have to work hard to make them sound natural and relaxed. For example: two hundred ninety-seven would sound like de-san-quatre-van-dis-set and 1999 - yon-mille-neuf-quatre-van-dis-nave. TO You also need to bring the specifics of constructing French numerals to the point of automatism in order to pronounce this without thinking!

Teachers recommend that during the day, on a bus or in a traffic jam, or while walking around the city, you should say out loud (or silently) in French the numbers of houses, cars - any numbers that catch your eye. This will make it possible to quickly master this complex 20-digit counting system and freely navigate the unusual world of French numerals.

Friends, if you are learning French, if you are still new to this matter, then in addition to the lexical basics that you are learning, you also need to learn numbers in French.

If you know numbers, counting to 10 in French, then this is a big plus for a beginner in the language. If you know numbers in French, your advantage is that you can say the number, the date of the day, give the phone number, give the flight or bus number, give the taxi number.

Knowing numbers and numbers will be very useful to you when traveling or on a business trip. You can always find out the time, flight number, hotel address or price.

Learn French numbers quickly and easily!

So, friends, since numbers only involve counting to ten, you can easily master them in French. In front of you is a small tablet with French numbers and their pronunciation in Russian transcription:

0 – zero	zero	zero'
1 - one, one	un,une	en, yun
2 - two, two	deux	du
3 - three	trois	trois'
4 - four	quatre	quadr
5 - five	cinq	senk
6 - six	six	sis
7 - seven	sept	seth
8 - eight	huit	yui't
9 - nine	neuf	nave
10 - ten	dix	dis

If you are learning numbers with your child...

To quickly and easily learn counting to ten in French, simply repeat the numbers in order several times. In a few minutes you will notice how you already know them by heart. Practice a few more times to polish the score so that it, so to speak, “bounces off your teeth.”

Friends, if you are learning French with your child, then knowing how to count to 10 is a must!

You can learn to count in French on your fingers!

Repeat numbers up to 10 several times every day until the child can count fluently and without hesitation. To make it easy and fun for your baby, support him - repeat the numbers in chorus with him. You can recite numbers up to 10 to the tune of a song.

On colored pieces of paper, draw funny people or objects according to the number of numbers, from one to ten. Repeat the count while showing your child these pictures.

In addition, counting rhymes about numbers will help you, with the help of which learning to count to ten is even more interesting:

Une, deux, trois:
Soldat de chocolat.
Quatre, cinq, six:
Le roi n'a pas de chemise.
Sept, huit, neuf:
Tu es un gros boeuf.

Combien faut-il de pommes de terre
Pour faire la soupe à ma grand-mère?
Huit: une, deux, trois, quatre,
cinq, six, sept, huit.

Un, deux, trois petites fleurs.
Quatre, sinq, six petites fleurs.
Sept, huit, neuf petites fleurs.
Dix petites fleurs!

We present you numerals in French. Numbers in French with pronunciation.

Let's look at the score first from 1 to 10:

1 - one, one	un,une	a"n, yun
2 - two, two	deux	du
3 - three	trois	Troyes
4 - four	quatre	kyatr
5 - five	cinq	sa"nc
6 - six	six	sis
7 - seven	sept	seth
8 - eight	huit	whit
9 - nine	neuf	nave
10 - ten	dix	dis

Now let's move on to French numbers from 11 to 20:

11 - eleven	onze	o"nz
12 - twelve	douze	duz
13 - thirteen	treize	trez
14 - fourteen	quatorze	hard labor
15 - fifteen	quinze	kya"nz
16 - sixteen	seize	sez
17 - seventeen	dix-sept	dis-set
18 - eighteen	dix-huit	diz-whit
19 - nineteen	dix-neuf	des-neuve
20 - twenty	vingt	va"n

If the numeral ends in -sor -x and the next word begins with a vowel, then the final sor x pronounced like h: deuxenfants(deuz-a"n-fa"n; two children) or troisenfants(troise-a"n-fa"n; three children).

neuf(nave; nine) or dix-neuf(dis-neuf; nineteen), begins with a vowel, then ends f pronounced like V: neufartistes(new artist; nine artists).

If the word following the numeral six (sis; six), huit(uit; eight) or dix(dis; ten), begins with a consonant, then the final consonant of these numerals is not pronounced: six livres(si livre; six books), huitpersonnes(ui person; eight people), dixfilms(di film, ten films).

Having mastered numerals up to 20 (vingt), let's move on and get acquainted with numbers up to one hundred. The French language has its own characteristics and nuances.

Numbers from 20 to 69

Numerals from 20 to 69 in French are formed in the same way as in Russian: in each ten we count from one to nine, after which we move on to the next ten and repeat this pattern again.

21 - vingt et un (va"n-te-a"n)

22 - vingt-deux (va "n-de)

23 - vingt-trois (va"n-trois)

etc.

30 - trente (tra "nt)

31 - trente et un (tra"n-te-a"n)

32 - trente-deux (tra "nt-deux)

etc.

40 - quarante (karo"nt)

41 - qurante et un (karo"nt-e-a"n)

42 - qurante-deux (karo "nt-deux)

etc.

50 - cinquante (sa"n-k-o"nt)

51 - cinquante et un (sa"n-k-o"n-te-a"n)

52- cinquante-deux (sa"nk-o"nt-deux)

etc.

60 - soixante (sua-so "nt)

61 - soixante et un (sua-so "n-te-a"n)

62 - soixante-deux (sua-so "nte-deux)

French numbers from 69 to 99

The number 70 in French is represented as 60 + 10. The number 71 is represented as 60 + 11, 72 as 60 + 12, and so on up to 80.

Examples:

70 - soixante-dix (suaso "nt-dis)

71 - soixante et onze (suaso "n-te-o"nz)

72 - soixante-douze (suaso "nt-douze)

etc.

The number 80 is represented as 4 x 20, but the word “multiply” is not spoken. The number 81 is formed as 4 x 20 + 1, etc. And so on up to 90.

The number 91 is formed as 4 x 20 + 11 ( Note the unionetafter the number 81 and further is not used).

Also, when the number 80 is followed by other numbers, the letter s in a word vingt discarded. A few examples:

80 - quatre-vingts (quatre-va"n)

81 - quatre-vingt-un (quatre-va"n-a"n)

82 - quatre-vingt-deux (quatre-va "n-deux)

etc.

90 - quatre-vingt-dix (quatre-va "n-dis)

91 - quatre-vingt-onze (quatre-va "n-o"nz)

92 - quatre-vingt-douze (quatre-va "n-douze)

100 - cent (sa"n)

101 - cent-un (sa"n-a"n)

120 - cent-vingt (sa"n-va"n)

1000 - mille (miles)

1,000,000 — un million (a"n-milyo"n)

1 000 000 000 - un milliard (a "n-milliar)

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Some logical explanations will help you remember the count, but you will have to initially practice the pronunciation of each number in order to remember correctly and not get into an awkward situation in a live environment among native speakers.

Learning to read and count in French

1 un – it’s pronounced like this: imagine the Russian “ё”, without the first sound “Y”, it’s almost “o”, only the lips are rounded and strongly extended forward. This is followed by a nasal sound, different from English, where the root of the tongue closes and opens with the soft palate. In French there is no disconnection. For the number 1 you should get something similar to “yong”.

2 deux – “de”. Here “е” is formed according to the principle of the previous description.

3 trois - “trois”.

4 quatre – “kyatre”. “a” should be quite soft, but not quite “ya”; the last “e” is added so that the final consonant is not eaten. This is often used in many French words.

5 cinq – “senk”, where “n” is nasal.

6 six – “sis”.

8 huit – “whit”.

9 neuf – “nave”, clearly pronounce the dull “f”, trying to make it as voiced as possible.

10 dix - “dis”.

11 onze – “onz”, where “n” is a nasal sound.

12 douze – “duz”.

13 treize – “trez”.

14 quatorze – “kyatorz”.

15 quinze - “kenz”, “n” - nasal sound.

20 vingt - “vent” - “n” - nasal sound.

30 trente – “trant”, where “n” is a nasal sound.

40 quarante – “kyarant”.

50 cinquante – “senkant”.

71 soixante-et-onze

72 soixante-douze

73 soixante-treize

74 soixante-quatorze

75 soixante-quinze

76 soixante-seize

77 soixante-dix-sept

78 soixante-dix-huit

79 soixante-dix-neuf

80 is four times twenty.

80 quatre-vingts

81 quatre-vingt-un

90 is 4 times twenty and 10, 91 is 4 times 20 and 11, and so on.

90 quatre-vingt-dix

91 quatre-vingt-onze

100 cent – ​​“san”.

1000 mille – “miles”

2000 deux mille - “deux mille”.

Set expressions

• French: tout seul, Russian: all alone or alone.
• French: n’écouter que d’une oreille or écouter d’une oreille distraite, Russian: listen out of the corner of your ear.
• French: être du (même) bateau, Russian: to be in a similar position.
• French: d'un trait de plume, Russian: with one stroke of the pen.
• French: de même farine, Russian: to be made from the same dough, the same field of berries.
• French: faire d'une pierre deux coups, Russian: catch two birds with one stone.
• French: le malheur ne vient jamais seul, Russian: trouble has come - open the gate.
• French: ne formait qu’un coeur et qu’ une âme, Russian: live soul to soul
• French: à la première vue at once, Russian: at first glance.

• French: se ressembler comme deux oeufs, Russian: to be very similar, like eggs.
• French: se casser en deux, Russian: to bend to death.
• French: avoir 2 paroles, Russian: not being able to keep one's words.
• French: dire 2 mots, Russian: in a nutshell, to explain briefly and simply.
• French: couper en deux, Russian: to cut off, to tear off.
• French: à deux mains, Russian: with both hands.
• French: nul ne peut servir deux maîtres à la fois, Russian: you cannot be a servant of two masters at the same time.
• Fr.: 13 faire d’un diable – deux, Russian: to worsen the situation.
• French: les deux font la paire, Russian: two boots - a pair.
• French: jamais deux sans trois, Russian: God loves the trinity.

• French: la divinité est triple, Russian: Divine Trinity.
• French: se perdre entre trois sapins, Russian: to get lost in three pines.
• French: la sainte Trinité, Russian: Holy Trinity.
• French: sot en trois lettres, Russian: complete fool.
• French: faire manquer l’escalier, Russian: kick out.
• French: jusqu'au deuxième chant du coq, Russian: until the second rooster.
• French: trois fois rien, Russian: nonsense.
• French: frapper les trois coups, Russian: give the signal to rise.

• French: avoir de l'esprit comme quatre, Russian: to be very smart.
• Fr. : donner la clef des champs à qn, send to all four directions.
• French: entre quatre murs, Russian: to sit within four walls.
• French: aux quatre vents, Russian: everywhere, in all directions.
• French: dire ses quatre vérités, Russian: to repeat the truth to the womb.
• French: se mettre à quatre pour faire qch, Russian: get down to business together.
• French: couper un cheveu en quatre, Russian: to be wise.
• French: se couper en quatre, Russian: to work both day and night, to manage everything.
• French: à quatre pattes, Russian: on all fours.
• French: la semaine des quatre jeudis, Russian: after the rain on Thursday.

• French: moins cinq, moins une, Russian: without one minute..., almost...
• French: donner cinq et quatre, Russian: to slap.
• French: savoir qch comme son catéchisme, Russian: to know like “Our Father”, to know something by heart.
• French: être aux cent coups, Russian: to be in great alarm.
• French: c’est comme une emplâtre sur une jambe de bois, Russian: how to (make) jars or poultices for a dead person.
• French: un mouton à 5 pattes, Russian: curiosity, extraordinary personality.

• French: le sixième sens, Russian: intuition, sixth sense.
• French: plus méchant que l’hiver de 6 mois, Russian: darker than a cloud.

• French: pour un moine l’abbaye ne chôme pas, Russian: seven do not wait for one
• French: la Terre était former par sept jours, Russian: The earth was created in seven days.
• French: être au septième ciel, Russian: to be in seventh heaven
• French: sept merveilles du monde, Russian: seven wonders of the world.
• French: à la sueur de son corps, Russian: by the sweat of your brow, with your labor.
• French: avoir sept vies bout à bout, Russian: to be viable, resistant to life’s hardships.
• French: avoir sept pouces moins la tête, Russian: to be an excellent lover (lover).
• French: numéro sept, Russian: registered prostitute.
• French: ville aux sept collines, Russian: city on seven hills.

• French: d'aujourd'hui en huit, Russian: in a week.
• French: les cinq huit, Russian: five-day period - a five-day working week.

• French: maladie de neuf mois, Russian: pregnancy.
• French: les neufs soeurs, Russian: muses.
• French: neuf fois sur dix, Russian: almost always, often, regularly.

• French: avoir du chien to be, Russian: with a twist.
• French: marquer le but, Russian: to throw in a ball or puck.
• French: dix fois, Russian: many times.
• French: faire une mine de dix pieds de long, French: to be offended, to sulk.
• French: avoir du chien dans le ventre, Russian: to be not timid.

These expressions can help you as a training for your reading, and just as a note, because at any time such information can come in handy if you have a French friend or you are closely connected with the culture of France and learning the language.