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Knowledge of prepositions helps to distinguish between direct and indirect objects and apply the rules for using direct and indirect pronouns, choose relative pronouns, and use continuous articles. For rules and exercises on these topics, see separate lessons:

When performing training exercises in the "Prepositions" section don't rely only on memory, call on your imagination to help, feel the French perception of space and time.

The same Russian preposition " on" can be translated into French using a variety of French prepositions. The exercise will once again make you feel that another language means a different perception of space and time. Prepositions are also important for conveying case relations(to whom; whom; by whom; with what...) and are included in a number of stable structures.
In the exercise 15 tasks:

• first block - enter a suitable preposition;
• the second block is to compose the same phrases (for better memorization).

Do the exercise thoughtfully; try to remember or guess what preposition can be used. Don’t try to do the exercise head-on: visualize it the first time you do it, and it’s better to do it the second time the next day. Similarly with other tasks in the “Prepositions” section.

Do the exercise

To learn to use prepositions more or less confidently, you need constant practice, first of all, carefully reading (listening) to texts and doing exercises (the exercises will help you pay attention to the gaps, so that when working with texts, you will pay special attention to those prepositions in which made a mistake).

Thanks to context, prepositions are remembered better, so we strongly recommend regular reading. For example:

• + , from which the phrases are taken.

Coming up with simulators that would help teach students to use prepositions correctly once and for all is a difficult task. Therefore, for now the main goal will be draw your attention to some patterns. To do this, in the exercises prepositions will be combined or contrasted according to some characteristics.

Exercises-simulators in this section:

• will help you remember the correct use of French prepositions
  (for this purpose, prepositions are divided by type: time, movement...);
• will allow you to expand your vocabulary and get acquainted with useful phrases
  (all phrases are given with translation from French).

Phrases are divided into parts of 10, 20 or more tasks; each part can be repeated.

à	place	je vis à Kiev ( I live in Kyiv)
	direction	il va à Nante ( he's going to Nantes)
	time	je viendrai à six heures ( I'll come at 6 o'clock)
	appointment	une machine à laver( washing machine)
de	possession	le livre de Pierre (book by Pierre)
	origin	elle vient de France ( she is from France)
	substance (as well as: en)	une statue de marbre ( marble)
	volume of substance; quantity	un liter de lait; beaucoup de fleurs
en	place	il va en France
	duration	il a tradition en trois heures ( he translated it in three hours)
	substance (as well as: de)	une montre en or
	means	j"y vais en avion ( I'm flying there by plane)
dans	place	la chaise est dans la cuisine ( chair in the kitchen)
	time	je pars dans cinq jours ( I'm leaving in 5 days)
pour	direction	le vol pour Paris ( flight to Paris) ! partir pour Moscou (to leave for Moscow)
	target	il est venu pour me voir ( to...)
	duration	je pars aujourd"hui pour dix jours
sur	surface	le sac est sur la chaise ( bag on the chair)
	subject	un livre sur l"Histoire du Canada
avec	accompaniment	je suis venu avec mon ami
	tool	il écrit avec un crayon ( he writes with a pencil)
	modus operandi	il joue avec joie ( he plays happily)

Next lesson:

To indicate where this or that object is located, prepositions will, of course, help you! You are already familiar with some of them from previous lessons; let’s look at them and other prepositions in more detail.

Pretext is a service part of speech and expresses the relationship between nouns (adjectives, verbs) and other parts of speech, in other words, they connect words with each other.

The use of prepositions of place in speech

French prepositions of place are given in the table. Carefully study its contents, paying attention to the translation and example of use. Some prepositions do not coincide with their analogues in Russian. So:

Pretext	Translation	Example
dans	V	dans la boîte – in a box dans la rue – on (!) the street
sur	on	sur la table - on the table
devant	before	devant la maison - in front of the house
derrière	behind, behind	derrière l’arbre - behind the tree
sous	under	sous la toit - under the roof
au-dessus de	above	au-dessus de la boutique – above the store
au milieu	in the middle	au milieu du lac - in the middle of the lake
au-dessous de	under (without touching)	au-dessous de zéro - below zero
entre	between	entre les rangs - between the rows
parmi	among	parmi nous - among us
à gauche	left	à gauche du magasin – to the left of the store
à droite	on right	à droite de la porte – to the right of the door
pres de	near	pres de Paris - near Paris
loin de	far from	loin de la maison - far from home
le long de	along	de long de la route - along the road
autour de	around	autour de la blessure - around the wound
â côté de	Near	à côté de l’accoudoir – next to the armrest
en face	against	en face du musée – opposite the museum
en haut (de)	to the top	en haut de ma liste – at the top of the list
en bas (de)	at the bottom)	en bas de la bâtiment - at the bottom of the building
contre	near	contre le mur – against the wall
par	through, through	par la forêt – through the forest

Don't forget that the article has a masculine gender and a preposition de a merger occurs.

Prepositions of place can also include prepositions of direction. For example, the preposition “à”: à l’école- to school, or pretext "vers": vers le Nord- on North.

Remember that the table shows only frequent examples of the use of French prepositions. More complete information can be obtained by reading original texts, books, even songs. For now, start small - do exercises based on the material in the table.

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Translate into French.
1. next to the girl 2. up the street 3. at the bottom of the stairs 4. around the library 5. along the river 6. away from the city 7. next to you 8. to the left of the plate 9. to the right of the window 10. to the left of the stove 11. between states 12. south 13. in the room 14. on the wall 15. underground

Answer 1.
1. à côté de l'a fille 2. en haut de la rue 3. en bas de l'escalier 4. autour de la bibliothèque 5. le long de la rivière 6. loin de la ville 7. près de vous 8. à gauche de l'assiette 9. à droite la fenêtre 10. à gauche du four 11. entre États 12. vers l'est 13. dans la chambre 14. sur la mur 15. sous la terre

© Galina Vitalievna Grinchuk, 2018

ISBN 978-5-4490-3765-7

Created in the intellectual publishing system Ridero

Preface

A preposition is an unchangeable auxiliary part of speech that is used to connect words in a sentence and indicates various relationships between them.

The use of prepositions in the French language presents a certain difficulty, since prepositions in French are used much more often and play a more important role in it than in Russian due to the lack of declensions of nouns in French (which is why in many cases French prepositions are not translated into Russian language, but are expressed simply by the case form).

It is impossible to establish unambiguous correspondence between prepositions in French and cases in Russian, since, firstly, the same French preposition can correspond to different cases of the Russian language (for example, “Je suis venu de Moscow” - “I came from Moscow" (genitive case), Il parle de sa soeur" - "He talks about his sister" (prepositional case), Nous sommes contents de ce cadeau" - "We are happy with this gift" (dative case)) and, secondly , different French prepositions can correspond to the same case of the Russian language (For example: “Hélène part pour Paris” - Helen is leaving for Paris (accusative case), “Nous allons en Chine” - “We are going to China” (accusative case).

The use of a preposition, as well as its absence, must be remembered.

Chapter 1. Prepositions à and de. Merging articles with prepositions.

Chapter 2. Managing Verbs

Chapter 3. Simple prepositions of spaces.

The use of prepositions with the names of cities, countries, regions

Chapter 4. Simple prepositions of time

Chapter 5. Prepositions avant and devant (before)

Chapter 6. Prepositions après and derrière (after, for)

Chapter 7. Prepositions entre and parmi (between, among)

Chapter 8. Simple prepositions expressing objective relations

Chapter 9. Simple prepositions expressing logical relations

Chapter 10. Revision

Chapter 11. Complex prepositions

Keys to the exercises (Corrigés)

Chapter 1. Prepositions à and de

Prepositions à And de- two of the most common prepositions in French.

The preposition à means:

1) an action performed in relation to an object (addition corresponding to the dative case)

Envoie cette lettre à ton frère – Send this letter to your brother.

2) attitude towards the subject from the outside

Hélène plaît à Philippe – Philippe likes Hélène.

3) place, location

J’habite à Moscow – I live in Moscow.

Les soldats vont à la guerre - Soldiers go to war.

Je vais à la mer - I'm going to the sea

Elle va à l'école - She goes to school.

5) temporary relationships

Nous partirons à 9 heures - We will leave at 9 o'clock.

6) an instrument for performing an action

Ce tapis est fait à la main – This rug is made by hand.

7) method of performing an action

Aller à l’aventure – Go at random (Where your eyes look)

8) purpose of the item

C'est une boîte aux lettres - This is a mailbox.

9) belonging

A qui est ce cahier? – Ce cahier est à Daniel – Whose notebook is this? - This is Daniel's notebook.

10) distance

Cette ville se trouve à 3 kilometeres de Paris – this city is located three kilometers from Paris.

11) sign of an object

J’aime beaucoup le beurre à l’ail – I really love garlic butter.

Je suis monté en wagon à couchettes – I seol in a sleeping car.

12) Purpose of the item

Prends une bouteille à lait – Take a milk bottle (milk bottle)

The preposition de means:

1) belonging

C’est le livre de Monique – This is Monique’s book.

2) departure point

Je rentre du travail – I’m returning from work

3) origin

Je suis de Lille – I am from Lille.

4) the material from which the item is made

J’aime cette robe indienne – I love this chintz dress.

5) characteristic feature

C'est un homme de haute taille - This is a tall man.

6) measure, weight, quantity

Donne-moi un verre d'eau s'il te plaît - Give me a glass of water, please.

Achète deux kilos de pomme de terre – Buy two kilos of potatoes.

Il a beaucoup d'amis - He has many friends.

7) a) beginning of the action

Ce magasin est ouvert de 9 heures à 18 heures – This store is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

b) time of action

Je prends tranquillement mon café du matin – I calmly drink my morning coffee.

C’est un conte de Pouchkine – This is Pushkin’s fairy tale

Pretext de Also:

– introduces complements of some verbs and adjectives.

Je suis très content de mon voyage – I am very pleased with my trip.

Elle a orné sa chambre de fleurs – She decorated her room with flowers.

– used after a verb in the negative form instead of an indefinite or partial article.

Compare:

Tu as de la chance (You are lucky) and Tu n’as pas de chance (You are unlucky)

Nous avons du fromage (We have cheese) and Nous n’avons pas de fromage (We have no cheese)

– replaces the plural indefinite article when an adjective precedes a noun.

Compare:

J'ai acheté des fleurs magnifiques (I bought wonderful flowers)

J'ai acheté de belles fleurs (I bought beautiful flowers)

Merging the prepositions à and de with articles

In some cases, prepositions à And de merge with articles.

a + le = au (Je vais au cinema)

a + la = à la (Elle reste à la maison)

a + l’ = a l' (Nous allons à l'exposition)

a + les = aux(Le professeur parle aux éleves)

de +le = du (Je reviens du parc)

de + la = de la (Il sort de la maison)

de + l’ = de l' (Les enfants reviennent de l'école)

de + les = des (Il me parle des éleves)

Exercise 1

Insert the prepositions à or de (Don't forget about merging prepositions with articles!).

1. Demain tu vas… l’école.

2. Ce livre est… moi.

3. Nous habitons… Moscow.

4. Vite... table! Le déjeuner est prêt!

5. C'est la chambre... ma mère.

6. Céline plaît... tous les garçons de sa classe.

7. On a tué mon grand-père... la guerre.

8. Demain je metrai mes habits… fête.

9. C’est une fille... les cheveux blonds et... les yeux clairs

10. C'est un homme... taille moyenne.

11. Je ne pourrai pas assister… cette réunion.

12. Envoie cette lettre... ta copine.

13. J'ai déjà vu ce pont... pierre.

14. Parle... tes aventures... ta mère.

15. J'aime cette tranquillité... le soir.

16. J'aime beaucoup m'asseoir... la fenêtre.

17. Nous partons... 7 heures.

18. Tu veux un verre… eau?

19. Ils ont du se sauver... la nage.

20. Achète 2 kilogrammes... sucre, s’il te plaît.

21. Pensez... vos enfants!

22. Qu’est-ce que tu penses… ce spectacle?

23. Ce dessin a été fait… le crayon.

24. Des milliers... gens sont venus... la fête.

25. Ce texte est difficile… comprendre.

26. Pierre nous parle... ces vacancies.

27. Nous viendrons... deux.

28.Mr. Dupont est fier… sa fille.

29. On s’est donné rendez-vous sur la Place… la Concorde.

30. La banque est ouverte...9...19 heures.

31. Es-tu content… ton voyage en Greece?

32. Je connais tous les habitants de cet immeuble... premier... dernier étage.

33. …quelle heure tu partiras?

34. Mes parents reviendront... le mois... janvier.

35. Il va... la plage... vélo et moi, j'y vais... pied.

36. Elle m’a telephoné…minuit.

37. Sylvie chante... la radio.

38. J'ai vu un bon film... la télé hier.

39. J’aime beaucoup les vacances… été.

40. Je vois que vous n’êtes pas d’ici. … quelle ville êtes-vous venu?

Prepositions in French (Prépositions) are unchangeable functional parts of speech that serve to connect words in a sentence.

In French, prepositions are simple, that is, consisting of one word: à, avec, chez, dans, en, entre, par, parmi, sans, sous, sur, etc. They can also be complex or compound, consisting of two or more words: à côté de, au lieu de, d’après, grâce à, près de, quant à, etc.

• Voilà le livre de mon ami. - Herebookmyfriend.
• L'enfant dormait dans sa chambre. - ChildsleptVhisroom.
• Il était assis en face de moi. - Hesatagainstme.
• Ce livre est difficile à lire. - Thisbookdifficultread.

Prepositions of place

French prepositions and their use

The preposition de indicates genitive case, belonging and other meanings:

• le stylo de Pierre - Pierre's book
• le sens d'une phrase - meaning of the phrase
• la lumière de la lune - moonlight
• un mur de béton - concrete wall
• l’art de créer - the art of creating
• trembler de peur - to tremble with fear
• jouer de la guitare - play the guitar
• un kilo de sel - a kilogram of salt

The preposition à indicates the dative case, direction (somewhere) and other meanings:

• Je donne ce livre à mon ami. - I am giving this book to my friend.
• Il va à la pharmacie. - He's going to the pharmacy.
• Il monte au dernier etage. - He goes up to the top floor.
• Ce livre est très facile à lire. - This book is very easy to read.
• Il est à Paris. - He's in Paris.
• Nous partons à midi (à deux heures). - We leave at noon (at two o'clock).
• Nous allons à pied. - We're walking.
• Parles à voix basse! - Speak quietly!

The preposition dans - in (inside), through and other meanings:

• vivre dans un beau appartement - live in a beautiful apartment
• dans le tiroir - in the box
• Dans ce cinéma il y a trois cents places. - This cinema has three hundred seats.
• Dans sa jeunesse elle était belle. - In her youth she was beautiful.
• Il revient dans deux jours. - He will return in two days.
• Mon frère travaille dans un laboratoire. - My brother works in the laboratory.

The preposition en meaning in, by, on (method and manner of action):

• Il voyage en bateau. - He travels in a boat.
• Nous licons en français. - We read in French.
• Cet anneau est en or. - This ring is made of gold.
• Victor Hugo est né en 1802. - Victor Hugo was born in
• J'ai déjeuné en quinze minutes. - I had lunch in fifteen minutes.
• aller en Russie - to go to Russia
• vivre en France - live in France
• voyager en été – travel in summer
• Je ferai ce travail en deux jours. - I will do this work in two days.
• monter en wagon - climb into the carriage

Russian prepositions and their French equivalents

The preposition par is used with an indirect object of a verb in the passive form, as well as with a definition of a noun, with various circumstances:

• Ce tableau a été peint par Picasso. - This painting was painted by Picasso.
• faire les études par correspondance - study by correspondence
• sortir par l’ascenseur - take the elevator
• faire un exercise par écrit - do an exercise in writing

The preposition pour means for, for, in order to:

• J'ai une lettre pour toi. - I have a letter for you.
• Merci pour ton invitation. - Thanks for the invitation.
• Marie est sortie pour acheter un journal. - Marie is up to buy a newspaper.
• Nous partons pour deux jours. - We're leaving for two days.
• L'exposition est fermée pour travaux. - The exhibition is closed for work (for work).
• être pour quelqu’un - to be for someone
• partir pour Marseille - go to Marseille

The preposition sur means on (surface) and other meanings:

• Les journaux sont sur la table. - Newspapers on the table.
• J'ai collé un timbre sur l'enveloppe. - I put a stamp on the envelope.
• Comptes sur moi! - Count on me.
• Je voudrais une chambre sur mer. - I would like a room with a sea view.
• La fenêtre donne sur le jardin. - The window overlooks the garden.

The preposition avec in the meaning of s, used with circumstances :

• Viens avec nous! - Come with us!
• écrire avec un crayon - write with a pencil
• écouter avec attention - listen carefully

Preposition chez - at, to:

• Michel va chez son ami. - Michelle goes to see her friend.
• Lucie habite chez sa tante. - Lucy lives with her aunt.

The prepositions avant and devant - before, before:

avant – before the circumstance of time; devant - before the adverbial adverbial place:

• Nous avons réussis à la gare avant le départ du train. - We made it to the station before the train departed.
• Il y a un arbredevant la maison. - There is a tree in front of the house.

The preposition entre - between (to denote space (time, place) that separates persons, objects):

• entre les deux arbres - between two trees
• entre neuf heures et midi - between nine o'clock and noon.

The preposition parmi - between, among (selects one object (person) from a group of objects (persons):

• Y a-t-il un professeur parmi vous? - Is there a teacher among you?
• Parmi les spectateurs se trouvait le chef de notre usine. - Among the spectators was the director of our plant.

Preposition contre - to (closely); against :

• Mettez la chaise contre le mur. - Place a chair against the wall.
• Etes-vous pour ou contre cette décision? - Are you for or against this decision?

There are a variety of prepositions in French, we have only introduced you to the most basic ones. In order to feel comfortable with French prepositions, you need to read more French literature. We wish you success!