Estates of the von Derviz. These contradictory Dervises. Grateful descendants Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz
ESTATE OF S. P. VON DERVIZ IN KIRITSKY moscowhite wrote in April 22nd, 2009
Friends! In the case of estates, I decided to expand, so to speak, the geographical boundaries of Moscow. Firstly, pseudo-Gothic monuments almost never bore the characteristic architectural features of the area where they were built. Secondly, many of the architects who built these estates made a huge contribution to Moscow architecture. F. O. Shekhtel is certainly one of them. This is where I will begin our journey through “Gothic Russia”.
The Von Dervises appeared in Russia a very long time ago. Their ancestors were nobles, Ryazan landowners from a Russified German family that moved to Russia from Hamburg back in the 18th century. In Germany, they bore the surname Wiese - for example, Heinrich-Dietrich Wiese was once the senior burgomaster of Hamburg. The prefix “Von Der” appeared later, already in Russia, during the time of the Russian Emperor Peter III, who awarded the title of nobility to the head of this family, Johann Adolf Wiese, for his “diligent works” in the College of Justice.
The famous Russian businessman Pavel Grigorievich Von Derviz was born, like his ancestors, in the south of the Ryazan province - in the city of Lebedyan, in the family of the director of the Gatchina Orphan Institute. At first he followed the usual path of public service, like his parent, but in 1857 Pavel Grigorievich left the commissariat and began a new business for himself - the construction of railways. In 1859, he received a license from the government to build a railway from Moscow to Ryazan, becoming chairman of the board of the Moscow-Ryazan Railway Society. Later, in 1866, Von Derviz built the Ryazan-Kozlovskaya branch, which, due to the large cargo turnover, began to bring good profits. Pavel Grigorievich became one of the richest people in Russia - he owned real estate in Moscow and St. Petersburg, France and Switzerland, estates in the Ryazan province, and steamships on the Volga.
Pavel Grigorievich Von Derviz. 
But in his personal life, luck left him - his children were struck by a then little-studied, practically incurable and therefore terrible disease - bone tuberculosis. He tried to save them, abandoned everything, took the children to France, to the Cote d'Azur, and built his famous Villa Valrose there, in Nice. He did everything possible and impossible to cure his children. At the same time, he did not forget the local children - he opened a school in Nice, which was later named after him. When his son Vladimir died, Pavel Grigorievich donated 400 thousand rubles for the construction of a children's hospital in Moscow. Built according to the design of the architect R. A. Gedicke with the participation of the St. Petersburg pediatrician K. A. Rauchfus, it was opened in Sokolniki in 1879. Superbly equipped and planned, this hospital became a new word in medicine (now it is known as Rusakovskaya). But in 1881, unable to bear the death of his beloved daughter Varya, Pavel Grigorievich Von Derviz died of a heart attack.
His eldest son, Sergei Pavlovich, a graduate of the Moscow Conservatory, continued his father’s work: he built a railway from Moscow to Ryazan, and together with Baron Von Meck built tracks from St. Petersburg to Moscow. He spent part of his huge inheritance on building an estate in the village of Kiritsy in the Yaroslavl province. The new owner of the estate paved the road leading to Pronya station with bricks, and in 1887 commissioned the young, then little-known architect Shekhtel to rebuild the manor house. By that time, Fyodor Osipovich had not yet built either the famous Ryabushinsky house, the Yaroslavl station, or the Morozov mansion. In fact, the Art Nouveau style as such did not yet exist, but Shekhtel, as an incredibly talented person, in his undoubtedly outstanding work rethought the canons of European medieval architecture, and on the basis of pseudo-Gothic created an amazing, light and airy romantic style, which later began to be called "Shekhtel style".
The central part of the two-story building was decorated with a portico topped with decorative turrets with spiers. The corner mansion looked elegant, its balcony supported by the wings of a mighty eagle. The mansion was connected to the central part by a glass gallery adjacent to a fortress tower with battlements. The house faces a ravine, to which two monumental stairs and ramps run down. Dividing to the sides, the stairs converge again and flow into a wide terrace with an upper grotto. From here a common wide staircase descends to the ground floor, closed by a lower grotto made of wild stones. Below the grotto there were ponds, and beyond the ponds there was an orchard. In front of the grotto, at the beginning of the stairs running down, there were once powerful bronze centaurs on high pedestals. A stone “bridge of love”, decorated with lamps, ran across a deep ravine. After passing through the shady alleys, the guests of the Spassky district leader of the nobility Sergei Pavlovich Von Derviz came to the “Red Gate” - two pointed towers connected by an arched bridge.
But it soon became clear that Sergei Pavlovich did not inherit the main thing from his father - his commercial talent. Things went from bad to worse for him, and it even turned out that in the late 80s of the 19th century his property was under guardianship. In order to wash away this shameful stain from the reputation of the Von Derviz family, such figures as Konstantin Pobedonostsev and Sergei Witte worked hard. But Sergei Pavlovich still left the family business. After the death of his mother, he sold his property and moved with his daughter and wife to Paris, where he ended his days. In 1908, Prince Gorchakov became the owner of the Kiritsy estate, who, however, never appeared there, entrusting the farm to his managers. After the revolution, the agricultural school named after was located on the noble estate. Karl Liebknecht, then a technical school, later a holiday home. Since 1938, a sanatorium for children suffering from osteoarticular tuberculosis was opened in the former palace of Baron Von Derviz. This is very atypical for the forgettable Soviet era, but in this way genuine historical continuity was achieved. Not long ago, restoration began on the estate, and the palace, which had dilapidated over the decades of Soviet rule, is gradually returning to its original majestic appearance.
Photo: http://mgr-trip.narod.ru/1.htm 
Photo: http://mgr-trip.narod.ru/1.htm 
Photo: 4044415
Photo: http://imgsrc.ru/main/user.php?user=yo 
Photo: http://imgsrc.ru/main/user.php?user=yo 
Photo: http://imgsrc.ru/main/user.php?user=yo 
Photo: http://imgsrc.ru/main/user.php?user=yo 
Photo: http://photofile.ru/users/kc-kc/ 
Photo: http://photofile.ru/users/kc-kc/ 
Photo: http://mgr-trip.narod.ru/1.htm 
Photo: http://photofile.ru/users/kc-kc/ 
Photo: http://photofile.ru/users/kc-kc/ 
Photo: http://photofile.ru/users/kc-kc/ 
Photo: http://mgr-trip.narod.ru/1.htm 
Photo: http://mgr-trip.narod.ru/1.htm 
Photo: 4044415
History of the von-Derviz family
The von Derviz family are benefactors and owners of the classical gymnasium in Gorokhovsky Lane. “To do charity is to do good, to do good,” this is how this concept is interpreted in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl. The word fully characterizes the life and deeds of the von Derviz family. Tretyakov, Morozov, Mamontov... This series can rightfully be continued by Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz and his family: wife Vera Nikolaevna von Derviz, sons Sergei and Pavel. The history of charity in our country is bright and original and includes a number of outstanding personalities. Their destinies are individual, but they are united by their desire to do good. The chronicle of charity is one of the most honorable pages in the history of the people. The famous Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky argued that charity is not only an auxiliary means of public improvement, but also a necessary condition for moral personal health. This is the most general, but also the most accurate description of the von Derviz family. Head of a family associated with the history of the gymnasium - school No. 325, one of the most prominent representatives of the von Derviz family is Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz. He was born on January 31, 1826 in the town of Lebedyany, Tambov province. The Derviz family came from Sweden; they were Ryazan landowners from a Russified German family brought to Russia from Hamburg back in the 18th century. Their last name was simply Wiese without the prefix “von”. The surname von der Wiese appeared during the time of Peter III, when John Adolf Wiese, who served in the College of Justice, received the Russian title of nobility, later renamed von Derwiese. The son of John Adolf, Ivan Ivanovich, was a major general, and his grandson Grigory Ivanovich was the director of the Gatchina Orphan Institute. Grigory Ivanovich had 5 sons and one daughter. History has preserved the names of Dmitry Grigorievich - a member of the State Council, Nikolai Grigorievich - a famous artist, singer, Grigory Grigorievich - a monumental artist (father of Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz). P. G. von Derviz graduated with a gold medal from the privileged school of law in St. Petersburg in 1847 and entered the Senate in the department of heraldry (heraldry is the highest position in the Senate, the head of genealogical affairs). In 1857, P. G. von Derviz left the commissariat and took up a new business for himself and for Russia - the construction of railways. Until that time, railway construction was not considered a profitable business in Russia, and activities in the field of private enterprise, the field of activity mainly of merchants, were perceived by the noble nobility as an activity of little respect and reprehensible. But the smart and businesslike P. G. von Derviz was able to overcome class prejudices and earn a huge fabulous fortune from railway construction. From March 1865 to September 1865 he carried out the construction of the Ryazan-Kozlovskaya railway. Practice has never seen such a rapid pace of construction, and the cost of building one mile of road (49,874 rubles) was extremely low, below the government price (64,650 rubles). These roads became exemplary in technical terms and in the organization of operation for roads built later. The companies headed by von Derviz on the terms of attracting foreign private capital during the construction of the Ryazan-Kozlov and Kursk-Kyiv railways, and then (in 1868) the Moscow-Ryazan railway, became an example of extracting high constituent income from state concessions. The fantastic size of the capital received by von Derviz became the reason for the “concession fever” in Russia in 1868-1872 and the establishment of various kinds of joint-stock companies during the period of industrial boom in 1868-1872. Simultaneously with the construction of railways and their operation, von Derviz reflects on the good of the Russian state and people. He wrote a lengthy essay about Russia and the further paths of its development that has not reached us in full. In the correct development of the people, based on the opportunity to study and work, von Derviz sees a way out of the moral adversity that befell society. His ideas are “sovereign huts” operating in villages, combining a hospital, an outpatient clinic and an orphanage, as well as institutions of the inspector system. Derviz considered it necessary to inspire everyone with the same idea of serving the cause only for the sake of the cause and with all his heart. To educate such people from young people, special educational institutions are needed (“folk lyceums” with a period of study for three years after graduation from the gymnasium). In a letter to the influential minister Pobedonostsev, P.G. von Derviz writes: “I decided to donate a large sum of money (half a million rubles, and if necessary, more) for the establishment in Russia of an educational institution that would have a special task and a predominantly national goal.” . These noble plans were not realized due to the early, untimely death of Pavel Grigorievich at the age of 53 (in 1881). Von Derviz also managed to prove himself as a talented publicist, whose articles were published in Birzhevye Vedomosti and Moscow News. They raise issues of economic development and improving people's lives. He also left his notes in the magazine "Russian Antiquity", which were especially valuable because they thoroughly examined the railway construction system and revealed its shortcomings. Pavel Grigorievich was not only a talented organizer and a successful entrepreneur in the construction of railways. He was multi-talented. A passionate lover of music, he wrote his own plays; some of his romances became famous: “Evening Bells” (to the words of the poet I. Kozlov), “In a difficult moment of life” (to the words of M. Yu. Lermontov). He dedicated his musical works to his wife Vera Nikolaevna. However, the marital happiness of this magnificent family was overshadowed by the illness (bone tuberculosis) of the children and their death. On the advice of doctors, Pavel Grigorievich had to transport the children to a healthier climate. He buys 11 hectares of land located near the coast in Nice. According to the design of the architect D.I. Grimm, the richest villa “Valrose” (Valley of Roses) is being built here and a beautiful park is laid out. At the same time, P.G. von Derviz builds an elementary school, which is named after him. The villa and school still exist today. However, all the measures taken: climate change, excellent living conditions, and treatment in the best clinics in Germany did not produce positive results. In 1874, son Vladimir dies. P. G. von Derviz established a children's hospital in Moscow and named it in memory of his son Vladimirskaya. This is one of the best children's hospitals in the city, located in Sokolniki. According to the will of the founder, a certain number of patients were to be served free of charge. The death of his only and beloved daughter Varvara finally broke the unfortunate father. Arriving to greet the zinc coffin with her body, he dies of a stroke right at the station. Father and daughter are buried in the family tomb at the temple built by von Derviz on the territory of the Vladimir hospital. The memory of the magnificent, talented and active person, successful entrepreneur and philanthropist P. G. von Derviz is alive in our time. His life credo is recorded on a memorial foundation stone during the construction of the Villa Valrose on the Cote d'Azur in France: “I am Russian, born in Russia, I love Russia and would not have found any need to settle anywhere else if I had not been in a position exceptional due to the health of my children." Pavel Grigorievich's huge fortune was inherited by his wife Vera Nikolaevna von Derviz and two sons, the eldest of whom Sergei Pavlovich was 24 years old, and the youngest Pavel was 11 years old. The heirs continued the traditions of the family, being widely involved in charitable activities. Sergei Pavlovich was engaged in the estate in Kiritsy in the Ryazan province... he paved the road to the Pronya station, built a house church of Sergius of Radonezh. He attracted the beginning architect Fyodor Shekhtel to the construction of the palace in Kiritsy. The architect created an ensemble of amazing beauty, which is difficult to attribute to any particular style. Turrets, arches, stairs going down to the ponds make the house look like either a sleeping beauty's castle, or a mysterious abode of unknown and mysterious heroes. The house and park have survived to this day because a children's tuberculosis sanatorium was opened here in 1938, which also treats the illness that the Derviz children suffered from. After the death of his mother, Sergei Pavlovich sold his real estate and moved with his wife and daughter to Paris. The case went to the youngest of the von Dervizs, Pavel Pavlovich. Even Pavel Grigorievich acquired 4,360 acres of land in the Pronsky district of the Ryazan province; he intended to build a church, a stud farm, a school and an art gallery. Pavel Pavlovich arrived in the Pronsk domain, where he was soon elected district leader of the nobility and an honorary justice of the peace, as well as the chairman of the gymnasium he founded, the honorary superintendent of the city school, and in 1905 - an honorary citizen of the city of Pronsk. His estate was among the exemplary, and the nurtured stud farm was perhaps the best in Russia (in three branches - Storozhilovo, Sokha, Romadanovo - in which there were three stud farms). Von Derviz's farm bred riding and trotting horses, as well as heavy draft horses. Horses of Arabian, English and Oryol breeds were purchased for the Guards cavalry. In 1995, the plant turned 100 years old. The Storozhilovsky stud farm is perhaps the only one in the Ryazan region where handsome horses of the Russian riding breed are still bred. And Pavel Pavlovich’s daughter came to the anniversary celebrations, which all the horse breeders honored with their presence. Pavel Pavlovich was also involved in the implementation of his father’s grandiose plans. 12 large structures were built in Storozhilov: a central stable with an arena, residential buildings, a cowshed, a dairy plant, and a summer theater. Heating and sewage systems were created on the estate. At the summer amateur theater, Derviz staged the opera "Eugene Onegin", in which he himself sang the role of the main character. He passed the university exams as an external student and began teaching mathematics at the gymnasium he founded. The von Derviz Gymnasium made its last graduation in 1919, when civil war was already raging across the country. Von Derviz himself bore a different surname - Lugovoi. It was not customary to advertise one’s German origin in 1914, and in 1919 to be the owner of an estate. The Storozhilovites who loved Pavel Pavlovich warned Pavel Pavlovich about the danger, and he secretly went to Khrushchevo station, and from there to Petrograd. But there he was arrested and sent to Moscow, to the Butyrka prison. His former students began to work for him. Von Derviz was given a letter of safe conduct, which, according to unconfirmed rumors, was signed by Lenin. This allowed him to return to Storozhilovo and live for some time in an outbuilding of his own house. In 1920, he was invited to give lectures at the Ryazan cavalry command courses, one of the students of which was Georgy Zhukov. Soon the courses were transferred from Storozhilovo, the school was closed, and Pavel Pavlovich and his family were forced to leave again, hiding their noble origins. Lenin's safe conduct turned out to be an unreliable protector. The family moved from place to place and settled in the village of Maksatikha, Tver Region. There Pavel Pavlovich worked as a teacher. There he died in 1943 at the age of 73. Everything remained in the past - the state, horse breeding, "Eugene Onegin" on the stage of the summer theater, and even the ringing name of von Derviz seemed to have sunk into oblivion. However, this did not happen. By some miracle it was preserved in memory, books, archives and returned as an example to follow in the current 21st century. But where are now the worthy imitators and continuers of the traditions of the von Derviz family, whose homeland is Russia? School No. 325, the museum of the history of the school, maintain contact with the living descendants of the von Derviz family on the lateral line by the artist G.G. Derviz and restoration artist P.G. Derviz, living in Moscow. They were participants in a meeting of the historical section in the House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the topic "The fate of the von Derviz gymnasium." They donated the noble coat of arms of the von Derviz family and some other materials to the school museum
DERVIZES von, von der Wiese, Russian noble family of German origin. The founder of the Russian branch is Johann Adolf Wiese (? - after 1762), studied at the Universities of Jena, Leipzig and Giessen, from 1738 he served in Sweden, from the 1740s - in Russia. In 1759 he was elevated to the dignity of nobility of the Holy Roman Empire (with the addition of the particle “von der”). His grandson is Ivan Ivanovich (Johann Georg) (? - 1806), major general (1798), commander of the Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment (1798), chief of the Rostov Dragoon Regiment (1798-99). Among the latter's grandchildren, the most famous is Pavel Grigorievich, actual state councilor (1866). Graduated from the School of Law in St. Petersburg (1847). In the 1850s he served in the Senate, during the Crimean War of 1853-56 - in the Provisions Department of the War Ministry. One of the first major figures in the field of railway construction in Russia. General Secretary of the Moscow-Saratov Railway Society (1859-63), Chairman of the Board of the Moscow-Ryazan Railway Society (1863-68; 1st stage opened in 1864). On preferential terms, with the support of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich and M. H. Reitern, he received concessions for the construction of the Ryazan-Kozlovsky railway (1865; opened in 1866) and the Kursk-Kyiv railway (1866/67; partially opened in 1868, completely in 1870 ). Chairman of the Board of the Ryazan-Kozlov Railway Society (1865-68). The director of this road and the chairman of the board of the Kursk-Kyiv Railway Society until 1887 was the brother of P. G. von Derviz - Ivan Grigorievich. During the construction of all Derviz roads, the contractor was K.F. von Meck (from the Meck family).
The activities of P. G. von Derviz became an example of extracting high profits from state railway concessions, which caused a “founding fever” in Russia. In the 1860s, P. G. von Derviz acted as a publicist in the Birzhevye Vedomosti and Moscow News. A large landowner (his main holdings were in the Ryazan province), he also owned houses in St. Petersburg, Moscow, France and Switzerland. In 1868 he retired, soon went abroad, lived mainly in Nice, where in 1868-70 he built the villa “Valrose” (designed by the architect D. I. Grimm; now it houses the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Nice). He founded a theater there and created his own symphony orchestra of French and German musicians. Author of instrumental plays and romances “Don’t ask me why with a sad thought” (to the verses of A. S. Pushkin), “In a difficult moment of life” (to the verses of M. Yu. Lermontov), “Evening bells” (to the verses of I. I. Kozlov). He was involved in charity work: with his donations, the St. Vladimir Children's City Clinical Hospital was established and built in 1874-76 (in 1922-91 Moscow Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 2 named after I.V. Rusakov, in 1991 the previous name was returned). Trustee of the Okhtinsky Mechanical and Technical School in St. Petersburg and the Ryazan Men's Gymnasium. A street and a primary school in Nice are named after him. After the death of P. G. von Derviz, his widow, Vera Nikolaevna (née Tietz; 1832 - 10.3.1903), founded a number of charitable institutions: in St. Petersburg - a shelter for orphan girls (1881), a house of cheap apartments and a canteen for the poor, a dacha for the poorest schoolgirls, a people's house (on the 12th line of Vasilievsky Island), in Moscow - a women's gymnasium named after the early deceased daughter of V.P. von Derviz (1888, now secondary school No. 325).
Brother P. G. von Derviz - Dmitry Grigorievich, active privy councilor (1902), in 1850-1866 (with a short break) served in the Ministry of Justice, senior legal adviser (1860-64, until 1861 - acting position). In 1864 he was engaged in the general editing of comments in the field of civil proceedings on the judicial reform project of 1864. In 1865-1866, he was a member of the Ministry of Justice in the Provisional Committee at the Synod to consider a note on changing the jurisdiction of some cases in connection with the judicial reform of 1864 (thanks to the position of D.G. von Derviz, the committee’s draft, which provided, in particular, for the deprivation of civil rights in the event of excommunication, remained unrealized). The first chief prosecutor of the Civil Cassation Department of the Senate (1866-70). As a result of a conflict with K. I. Palen, he resigned (until 1881). Senator (1881), member of the State Council (1884), was a member of many of its commissions. Member of the Special Meeting to review the current institution of the Governing Senate and develop regulations on local administrative courts (1905-06), etc. He was fond of painting, collected a collection of works by Russian and Italian masters. His brother is Nikolai Grigorievich, singer (tenor) (stage name Ende). Studied with F. Ronconi (St. Petersburg), D. Ronconi (Milan). From 1871 he performed at the Kiev Opera House as part of the private troupes of F. G. Berger and I. Ya. Setov. Since 1876, soloist of the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. Among the roles are Finn, Sobinin (“Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “A Life for the Tsar” by M. I. Glinka), Faust (the opera of the same name by C. Gounod). He had particular success in comic roles and as a performer of romances. Author of romances and other musical works.
Sons of P. G. von Derviz: Sergei Pavlovich, actual state councilor (1905), chamberlain (1904). He studied at the Moscow Conservatory, piano class of V. I. Safonov. Director of the Ryazan-Kozlov Railway Society (since 1887), one of the founders of the Russian Commercial and Industrial Bank (1889). By his order, a manor complex was built in the village of Kiritsy, Spassky district, Ryazan province (architect F. O. Shekhtel), and also owned a mansion in St. Petersburg (now it is occupied by the state chamber musical theater "St. Petersburg Opera"). Spassky district marshal of the nobility (1900-07, until 1901 - acting position). He was involved in charity and philanthropy, made a large financial contribution to the acquisition of a large concert organ by the Moscow Conservatory (manufactured by the French company Cavaillé-Coll in Paris, installed in 1901, the name of S. P. von Derviz is engraved on the facade of the organ). In 1908, he sold his holdings and moved with his family to Cannes, where he lived until the end of his life; Pavel Pavlovich (16.4.1870 - 1943), court councilor, one of the founders of the Russian Commercial and Industrial Bank. On the Starozhilovo estate in the Pronsky district of the Ryazan province, he built an estate complex (1890-96, architect F. O. Shekhtel), which included one of the largest stud farms in Russia (over 2.5 thousand horses were raised). In 1899, P. P. von Derviz went bankrupt. Pronsky district leader of the nobility (1902-17). In 1904 he founded a girls' primary school in Pronsk, which was soon transformed into a gymnasium, where he taught mathematics. In 1916 he changed his last name to Lugovoy. In 1919, in Starozhilovo, he taught mathematics at school and at courses for commanders of the Red Army, among whose students was G. K. Zhukov.
S. P. von Derviz with his wife M. S. von Derviz (née Schoenig). Photo. Con. 19th century From the collection of M. V. Zolotarev (Moscow).
Of the sons of D. G. von Derviz, the most famous is Vladimir Dmitrievich, a watercolor painter and figure in the zemstvo movement. He studied watercolor painting under the guidance of A. I. Morozov and L. O. Premazzi. In 1880-85 he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with P. P. Chistyakov, became close friends with V. A. Serov and M. A. Vrubel, and worked in the workshop they set up in 1883-84. In 1886 he acquired the Domotkanovo estate in the Tver province. He was engaged in educational work among peasants, organized a rural school, and participated in the work of the district school council. V. D. von Derviz regularly visited the estate throughout his life, and in 1895-96 Serov lived permanently, creating more than 30 major works here, including “Girl Illuminated by the Sun” (1888), portraits of V. D. von Derviz and his wife N. J. von Derviz (both 1890). Chairman of the Tver district (1897-1900) and provincial (1900-04, 1905-06) zemstvo councils, Tver district marshal of the nobility (1898-1900). In 1903, he prepared a note on the need to improve the life of the rural population and change the conditions of agricultural labor, which caused a sharply negative reaction in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the October Revolution of 1917 he continued to live in Domotkanovo, in 1921 he moved to the city of Sergiev, where he was appointed head of the exhibition department and museum reserves (fund). Since the spring of 1922, Chairman of the Commission for the Protection of Monuments of Antiquity and Art of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, in 1924-28, head of the Sergius Historical and Art Museum. From the late 1920s he lived in Moscow. Author of watercolors: “Bathhouse in the Forest” (1881), “Girl under a Tree” (1884), “Finland. Lake Yustila" (1889), "Chamonix in Savoy" (1900), "Eagle Rock. Crimea" (1923). Author of memoirs about Serov (1934). His daughter is Maria Vladimirovna, an artist, graphic artist and watercolorist. Wife of V. A. Favorsky. Graduated from MUZHVZ (1913). Creator of the monumental panels “Possessions of the Feudal Lord” for the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR in Moscow (1930), “Children at Play” for the Toy Museum in Zagorsk (1938), watercolors “Spring” (1920s), “Sergiev Posad” (1932), graphic works “Pine Forest” (1940), “Willow” (1947), etc. Author of memoirs (partially published).
Nephew of V.D. von Derviz - Georgy Valerianovich, doctor, biochemist, professor (1951). He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University (1921), after which he worked there until 1928. Organizer (1928) and head (1928-31) of the Department of Biochemistry at the Minsk Medical Institute. In 1931-38 he worked at the Institute for the Study of Occupational Diseases named after V. A. Obukh in Moscow, in 1938-74 - at the Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (in 1938-1968 head, in 1968-74 scientific consultant of the biochemical laboratory). At the same time, in 1936-48, he was a consultant at the therapeutic clinic of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. He made a significant contribution to the development of hematology and transfusiology. He studied the problems of biochemical changes in blood in some occupational diseases, blood gases, gas exchange in the body and the respiratory function of blood in acute blood loss and traumatic shock, biochemistry of blood conservation, etc. Author of a number of widely used laboratory techniques.
The great-granddaughter of I. I. von Derviz is Vera Mikhailovna, one of the first female geologists in Russia. She graduated from the physics and mathematics department of the Bestuzhev Courses in St. Petersburg (1900), and from 1904 she studied at the Faculty of Physics at the University of Geneva, where in 1910 she defended her dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Physics. In 1910-31 she worked in the Geological Committee, and then in other organizations. Author of a number of works on ore deposits, geology and petrography. In 1945, she was arrested on charges of counter-revolutionary propaganda. She died in a forced labor camp at the station. Novolisino, Leningrad region. Rehabilitated in 1989.
The Derviz family is included in the 2nd part of the noble genealogy book of the Kostroma province and the 3rd part of the noble genealogy book of the Moscow, Ryazan, St. Petersburg and Tver provinces.
Lit.: Adadurov I.E. On the history of the Ryazan-Kozlovskaya railway. 1865-1884. M., 1887; Korovay I. M. Favorskaya-Derviz // Soviet graphics. M., 1986. Issue. 10; Solovyova T. A. Von Dervises and their houses. St. Petersburg, 1996; Lyubartovich V. A. Gymnasium on Staraya Basmannaya // Moscow. 1997. No. 5; Solovyova A. M. Railway “kings” of Russia. P. G. von Derviz and S. S. Polyakov // Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs of Russia from the origins to the beginning of the 20th century. M., 1997; Baskina V.A. The first woman in the Geological Committee of Russia // Nature. 2000. No. 7; Smirnova T.V.V.D. Derviz - one of the first creators of the Sergiev Museum // Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve: Communications, 2000. M., 2000; Andryushchenko V. “Grandmother of Moscow pediatrics” // Moscow Journal. 2006. No. 6; Govorov A.F. Barons. Ryazan, 2006.
What makes the village unique is its shared history with the famous 19th-century surname von Derviz and the famous architect Fyodor Shekhtel. The latter fact makes a visit to this village unforgettable, as well as a stay in all the places where Shekhtel’s buildings are located.
Locks from the hand of this architect, commissioned by the von Dervises, are also available in Starozhilovo and. These complexes were luckier than the estate in Sokh - they were much better preserved, and they were not deprived of information. There is little historical information about the estate in Sokh - even connoisseurs of Shekhtel’s work know little about it. That’s why there are no tourist buses here. Although local residents are used to small groups of people with cameras and are happy to replace guides. It is unknown, however, how long they will have this opportunity, because the buildings are falling into disrepair at incredible speed.
In the first half of the 19th century, the village was part of the possession of the Burtsov nobles, in some sources - the Burtsevs. In the middle of the same century, an estate was created here, which until the end of the 1880s belonged to Major General Mikhail Milosevic, married to Ekaterina Burtsova (Burtseva). Later, the estate was acquired by Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz (patronymic names become fundamentally important here). His father, Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz, is a famous railway builder in Russia. We will not delve into the biography, since there is plenty of information about this person, and anyone interested can easily find it. But we’ll tell you a little more about Pavel Pavlovich, as the owner of the estate.
He was the son of one of the richest men in the country. During his lifetime, his father, Pavel Grigorievich von Derviz, acquired land in the Ryazan province, including Starozhilovo and. Pavel Grigorievich had serious plans to build a stud farm, an art gallery and other objects in Starozhilovo. However, forced to move to Nice due to the health of his children, he gradually lost interest in this estate. It was transferred to the management of his brother Ivan Grigorievich with an annual surcharge due to the low profitability of the farm.
Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz lost his father at the age of 11. He and his brother Sergei Pavlovich inherited a considerable inheritance. The brother was a creative person; he couldn’t cope with his father’s business, sold his property and moved to France. After him, the famous work of the same Shekhtel remained in the Ryazan region. But Pavel Pavlovich remained in Russia. After becoming a hussar, he fell in love with horses. After the death of Ivan Grigorievich von Derviz, the Starozhilov estate was transferred to his disposal. This is where he moves to permanent residence. Here Pavel Pavlovich realized his father’s plan and his passion by building. Additionally, lands were acquired in Sokha and Romodanovo.
Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz was an extraordinary person. Another passion of this man was mathematics. In 1904, he built a school in Pronsk, which then turned into a girls' gymnasium. As an external student, he takes exams for a course at Moscow University and teaches at this educational institution.
During the First World War, he changed his surname to Lugovoy, trying to hide his German roots. Derviz-Lugovoi recognized the revolution, but this did not save him from persecution. In 1918, all his possessions were nationalized, and Pavel Lugovoi was sentenced to death by the Cheka. Local residents warned him in time about the impending execution, and Pavel Pavlovich left for Petrograd. There he was caught. He is sent to Moscow and placed in Butyrka. He was saved by his former students, who interceded even with Lenin himself. Lugovoi returned to Starozhilovo, lived in an outbuilding, and taught cavalry courses that took place at a stud farm. However, Pavel Pavlovich’s rich noble past haunted the new government. He had to move a lot from place to place and work in different schools. He eventually settled in the village of Maksatikha, now in the Tver region. He worked together with his last wife as a teacher at school. Died at the age of 73 in 1943.
It is difficult to drive past the estate complex in Sokh - the ruins are clearly visible. Since those times, three ponds have been preserved in the village. Having passed two of them (they will be on both sides of the road), you need to turn right. After a few meters you will come across the first building of the complex - the main house. It will be on the left and hidden in the vegetation. The once beautiful building is now badly damaged. Only the walls have survived. Its general appearance is quite difficult to assess due to the trees surrounding the structure. It is easier to see the building in winter or late autumn when the leaves fall.
Local residents insist that this house is a copy of Moscow's Paveletsky Station. Allegedly, it was planned to build a railway here, but then the idea was abandoned. It was not possible to confirm these words in historical sources. Naturally, speculation is fueled by the fact that the surname von Derviz is closely associated with the construction of railways in Russia. And if you look at Paveletsky’s photographs before the reconstruction, the similarities are quite obvious. The main house, like the station, has symmetrical wings, a raised central part and a domed roof above it, and high windows. But this was in accordance with the construction canons of that time. Both buildings were built around the same period. The estate in Sokh dates back to the 1890s, the station was opened in 1900.
There is one more aspect that may connect the estate with the Paveletsky station. This is a serious acquaintance between the von Derviz and the station architect Alexander Krasovsky. He did a lot in the von Derviz domain. It was built according to the design of Alexander Krasovsky in 1891. In 1898, Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz invited the same architect to rebuild a mansion in St. Petersburg, where the Wedding Palace is now located. In 1917, Krasovsky was invited to Starozhilovo to rebuild the stud farm. The following summer, the architect died here and was buried not far from the same Church of Peter and Paul. Unfortunately, the grave is now lost.
There is a glacier just behind the main house. This is a prototype of a modern refrigerator. The semi-earth structure was covered with straw on top. Since spring, ice was brought into it, which maintained a low temperature in the glacier throughout the summer. The structure even now looks quite strong from the outside. True, it has been turned into a garbage warehouse.
The next legend says that the main house is connected by underground passages to another manor building - the manager’s house. This two-story building is separated from the manor house by linden alleys. The manager's house is a little better preserved. According to residents, a kindergarten was located there for a long time. Accordingly, the building was looked after to one degree or another. Now it is completely closed. The windows of the first floors were blocked with bricks so that no one would be able to get into the building, which is in disrepair.
The stables are the best preserved. Heavy draft horses were bred in Sokh. The horse yard here was significantly smaller than the Starozhilov one, where thoroughbred horses were bred. A stable in Sokh - a total of 30 horses. Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz built the same yard for heavy trucks in the village of Romodanovo. This settlement is located approximately 9 kilometers from the village of Starozhilovo. Pavel Pavlovich acquired Romodanovo at the beginning of the 20th century. Now there are virtually no buildings left there - only ruins. But the stables in Sokh are in good condition. True, it is closed and it is impossible to get inside.
Behind the stables is a dilapidated carriage house. It is located on the shore of the pond. Here the crews waited for departures and also underwent repairs. In Soviet times there were also workshops here. This is confirmed by individual inscriptions on the walls. For some time, neighbors say, workers lived in this house. Now the roof has collapsed and the walls are gradually collapsing.
On the other side of the pond you can see the ruins of a distillery. He worked even after the revolution. All that remains are the pipe, the walls of the workshops, and the alcohol storage facility. Everything is in the same very neglected state.
Pavel Grigorievich's huge fortune was inherited by his wife Vera Nikolaevna von Derviz and two sons, the eldest of whom, Sergei Pavlovich, was 24 years old, and the youngest, Pavel, was 11 years old.
She devoted herself entirely to charity and left behind the kindest memory: she first organized one shelter, then another, which grew into a gymnasium (the famous Moscow “Von-Derviz gymnasium”, on Gorokhovsky Lane), built many houses for widows and single mothers , where they lived for a nominal fee and were fully supported, organized a dacha for the poorest students of St. Petersburg gymnasiums. Her whole life was aimed at charity, all her deeds were in memory of deceased children. Vera Nikolaevna died in Nice in 1903.
The cheap canteen “in two branches” of Vera Nikolaevna von Derviz (née Tietz) served residents of cheap apartments and rooms arranged by the same benefactor.
Sergei Pavlovich von Derviz with his wife, Maria Alexandrovna
Pavel Pavlovich graduated from the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers and chose to work in a regiment purchasing horses. Military service did not attract him, he resigned and began to seriously engage in horse breeding. Possessing large capital, he built a stud farm on his estate Starozhilovo in the Ryazan region, regardless of costs, he bought the best horses from England, Belgium and Russia. Soon, his plant became one of the best in Russia. Soon Derviz became the leader of the nobility of the Pronsky district of the Ryazan province.
Lyubov Alexandrovna, wife of Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz with children
He worked a lot with peasants; in 1904 he founded a girls’ primary school in Pronsk, which later grew into a gymnasium. The daughters of peasants were taken to the school, and Derviz taught mathematics there. To do this, he passed the exam for a course at Moscow University as an external student and received the right to teach.
His unusual lifestyle irritated the landowners, but Pavel Petrovich continued his work. The gymnasium existed entirely at his expense. Here he bought and introduced everything new that appeared in Russia. So, when light bulbs appeared, he installed them on the street leading to the gymnasium. At the gymnasium, a large theater hall was built and specially equipped, where performances were given and music was constantly played. Many interesting people came out of the gymnasium, and in Russia they began to talk about the cultural Pronsky district. According to many recollections, the peasants not only loved, but idolized Pavel Pavlovich.
When the war with Germany began, he did not want to bear a German surname, and, with the permission of Nicholas II, changed it to Lugovoy (using an interlingual synonym). In 1910, Pavel Pavlovich was a member of the Committee to assist widows and orphans who suffered in the war.
Derviz-Lugovoy recognized the revolution and voluntarily, three days after its completion, gave up all his property, including capital stored in German and Swiss banks, for " the only correct solution to reorganize the world"(as he wrote in a letter to Lenin).
Despite this, in 1919, he was warned of the danger by loyal peasants, and he left his estate on foot. He ended up in Petrograd, but was arrested there and sent to Moscow, to Butyrka. He would have died, like many of his “class brothers,” but his students stood up for him before the authorities. The matter ended with Lenin himself writing him a kind of safe-conduct. And in 1920, he began giving lectures on mathematics at the Ryazan cavalry command courses, which then opened on the basis of his own stud farm. And one of the cadets who listened to these lectures by Pavel Pavlovich was the future Soviet marshal and hero of the Great Patriotic War Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov...
At the end of his life, Pavel Pavlovich settled in the village of Maksatikha in what is now the Tver region, where he began working as a rural teacher. He died there in 1943 at the age of 73, working on his own mathematics textbook until his last days. There he met a congenial teacher who became his last wife. They taught at school together and were adored by their students.
Pavel Pavlovich died in 1943, his wife died soon after. By decision of the residents of Maksatikha, the words were carved on the grave: “Pavel Pavlovich and Olga Nikolaevna Lugovoy. People's teachers.”
Pavel Pavlovich von Derviz with his brother Valerian
It is worth remembering other Derviz. The children of Mikhail Grigorievich von Derviz, the district leader of the nobility in the Ryazan region, were most unlucky.
Son of Dmitry Grigorievich von Derviz and nephew of the railway magnate, Vladimir Dmitrievich Derviz(1859-1938), studied at the Academy of Arts and the School of Law, served for a short time in the Senate, and in 1886 acquired the Domotkanovo estate in Tver province. and, abandoning the career of an official, decided to devote himself to economic and zemstvo activities.
Vladimir Dmitrievich was engaged in educational work among peasants, organized a rural school, and participated in the work of the district school council. His activities attracted the attention of the police and from 1889 he came under secret surveillance. He played a prominent role in the work of the Tver zemstvo, which united liberal-minded people; in 1897 he was elected chairman of the Tver district zemstvo government, but was not confirmed in this position. Since 1900, chairman of the Tver provincial zemstvo government. He regularly published reports on the activities of the Tver Committee, organized from members of the zemstvo self-government.
In 1903 he prepared a note on the need to improve the life of the rural population and change the conditions of agricultural labor, which caused a sharply negative reaction in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1904, Vladimir Dmitrievich was prohibited from living in the Tver province, but in 1905 he again took the post of chairman of the provincial zemstvo government. In 1921-26 he was in charge of the historical and art museum, taught drawing at a pedagogical college, and participated in many art exhibitions. Died in 1938.
Valerian Mikhailovich Derviz(1879-1943) - nephew of a railroad magnate. A native of the village. Starozhilovo, Pronsky district, Ryazan province, he graduated from the Corps of Pages, the Agricultural Academy in Moscow, then the Leningrad Geological Prospecting Institute. Worked as a geologist. In 1935, he was arrested and expelled from Leningrad for 5 years as a socially dangerous element. From 1939 he lived in Rybinsk and carried out survey work in the Karaganda region. Rehabilitated in 1963.
His sister, Vera Mikhailovna Derviz(1878 -1951), Bestuzhevka, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Geneva, first woman metallologist and mining engineer, researcher of the Caucasus, Sikhote-Alin, Central Asia and the Urals was arrested in 1945 on charges of counter-revolutionary propaganda. Died in a camp in 1951. Rehabilitated in 1989.
Georgy Valeryanovich, son of Valeryan Mikhailovich, (1897-1980), doctor, biochemist, doctor of medical sciences, professor. Graduated from the Commercial School named after. Tsarevich Alexei in Moscow and in 1921 - the medical faculty of Moscow University. He worked at the department of medicinal chemistry of the university, organized the department of biochemistry at the Minsk Medical Institute, and made a significant contribution to the development of hematology and transfusiology. For many years he headed the Commission on Laboratory Equipment of the USSR Ministry of Health, and was a member of the editorial boards of the journals Clinical Medicine and Laboratory Science. Awarded the Order of Lenin.