In mechanical engineering, a large number of different types of materials are used for the manufacture of parts - metals, their alloys, as well as non-metallic materials - polymers (plastics), rubber, wood and other materials.

From the correct choice of materials for the components of the product depend on its quality, reliability, performance and cost.

When assigning materials, the designer must take into account the conditions under which the product will operate: climate, working pressure, the presence of aggressive environments, and also strive for the minimum material consumption of the product.

The chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of materials, their areas of application and symbols set standards.

The part drawing must indicate the material designation , from which it is made. The designation of a material is established by the standard or technical specifications under which the material is produced.

The material designation is placed in the title block of the drawing and, in general, should contain the name of the material, brand and number of the standard or technical specifications, for example: Steel 45 GOST GOST 1050-88.

If the symbol of a material includes the abbreviated name of this material " St", "midrange", "CC", "Br"and some others, then full names" Steel", "Gray cast iron", "Malleable iron", "Bronze" and others are not indicated in the drawing, for example: Cm3 GOST 380-88.

If, based on the design, technological and operational requirements imposed on it, a part must be made from a graded material of a certain profile and size, then the material of such a part is recorded in accordance with the designation assigned to it in the assortment standard, for example:

The numerator of such a record indicates the assortment of the material (in this example, a circle with a diameter of 40 mm), the denominator indicates the chemical composition of the material (carbon unalloyed tool steel U10).

Steel is divided according to its chemical composition into carbon and alloy, and according to its purpose – into structural and instrumental. Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon and other chemical elements, which in steel grades are conventionally designated by letters: X - chromium; G – manganese; N – nickel; B – tungsten, M – molybdenum; Yu – aluminum; C – silicon; T – titanium.

Below is some information about the materials that are encountered in the process of drawing up drawings when completing coursework and diploma projects.

Carbon steel of ordinary quality (GOST 380-88) is widely used in mechanical engineering. Steel grades indicate:

– STO – non-critical building structures, washers;

– St1 – lightly loaded parts of metal structures, washers, cotter pins, gaskets;

– St2 – parts of metal structures, frames, axles, rollers;

– St3 – cemented parts that require high surface hardness and low core strength (rings, cylinders);

– St4 – parts with low strength requirements (shafts, pins, rods, hooks, nuts);

– St5 – parts with increased strength requirements (shafts, axles, sprockets, gears, connecting rods, fasteners);

– St6 – parts with high strength (shafts, axles, spindles, couplings, connecting rods).

The numbers in the designation of steel grades indicate the conventional number of the steel grade depending on the chemical composition.

StZ GOST 380-88.

Carbon high-quality structural steel (G0ST 1050-88). The number indicating the steel grade indicates the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent. Parts with increased strength requirements are made from this steel.

Steel grades indicate:

– 08kp (boiling), 08, 08ps (semi-quiet), l0kp, 10, 10ps, 15kp 15, 15ps – gearbox gears, forged lifting hooks, cams;

– 20kp, 20, 20ps, 25, 30 – axles and levers of gearboxes and brakes, shafts, rollers, stops, couplings, keys, flanges;

– 35; 40, 45 – handles, wrenches, flanges, disks, pins;

– 50, 55, 58, 60 – crankshafts and cardan shafts, splined shafts, connecting rods, racks, pistons, clamps, bushings, forks. The higher the number in the steel grade, the higher its strength properties.

Example of a symbol: Steel 45 GOST 1050-88.

Unalloyed tool steel (GOST 1435-90). The steel grade designation includes the letter U and a number indicating the carbon content in tenths of a percent. Tools are made from this steel. The grades of this steel are designated: U7, U7A, U8. U8A, U8G, U9, U10, U11, U12, U13.

The letter G indicates a high content of manganese in the steel. For high-quality steels, the letter A is added to the indicated designations. An example of a symbol: Steel U8 GOST 1435-90.

Alloy structural steel (GOST 4543-71) is used for the manufacture of parts that are subject to increased requirements in terms of strength, wear, corrosion and other properties. Chrome steel is designated in the same way as high-quality steel, but with the addition of the letters X or ХН: 15Х, 15ХА (high-quality), 20Х, 30Х, 35Х, 38Х, 40X, 45Х, 50Х, 20ХН (chrome-nickel steel), 40ХН, etc.

The letters X and H in the steel grade indicate chromium and nickel additives, respectively.

Example of a symbol: Steel 20Х GOST 4543-71.

High-alloy steels and corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant alloys (GOST 5632-72), depending on the basic properties, are divided into groups: I – corrosion-resistant (stainless) steels and alloys that are resistant to corrosion; II – heat-resistant steels and alloys that are resistant to chemical destruction at temperatures above 550 °C; III – heat-resistant steels and alloys capable of operating under load at high temperatures.

In the food industry, the following stainless steels are used for the manufacture of various parts in contact with food products: 08Х18Н10; 12Х18Н9; 12Х18Н9Т; 12Х18Н10Т.

Example of a symbol: Steel 12Х18Н10Т GOST 5632-72.

Steels and alloys are produced mainly in the form of rolled products, i.e. sheets, strips, tapes, circles, rods, squares, hexagons, equal and unequal angles, T-beams, I-beams, channels, etc. Therefore, in the main inscription on the drawing of the part it is necessary to indicate the type, standard size and rolled material from which it is to be made. When a part is manufactured by casting or forging, the type of rolled material is not specified.

Cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy, which has several types, produced according to the relevant standards: gray cast iron (GOST 1412-85), malleable cast iron (GOST 1215-79), high-strength cast iron (GOST 7293-85), anti-friction cast iron (GOST 1585-85 ).

The symbol for cast iron includes letters that indicate the type of cast iron, for example: gray cast iron - SCh; malleable cast iron – KCh; high-strength cast iron - high-frequency; anti-friction cast iron – AChS, AChV.

Gray cast iron in accordance with GOST 1412-85 is produced in grades SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SChZ0, SCh35. The numbers indicate the minimum tensile strength in MPa 10 -1. The higher the number, the harder the cast iron and the more tensile and bending it is.

Gray cast iron castings are very common. Thus, cast iron grades SCh10 and SCh15 are used for lightly loaded parts (covers, casings, etc.); grades SCh20 – SCh35 for metal-cutting machine beds.

Example notation: SCh20 GOST 1412-85.

Malleable cast iron (GOST 1215-79). The most common grades of cast iron: KCh30-6, KCh33-8, KCh35-10, KCh37-12. The first two digits indicate the tensile strength in MPa 10 -1, the second - the relative elongation in percent. The higher the number, the higher the hardness.

Malleable cast iron is used for products operating under dynamic loads (couplings, pulleys, brake pads, handles, pipeline fittings, etc.).

Example notation: KCh60-3 GOST 1215-79.

High-strength cast iron (GOST 7293-85) is produced in the grades VC35, VC40, VC50, VC60, VC70, VC80, VC100. The brand number indicates the minimum tensile strength in MPa 10 -1.

High-strength cast iron is used for critical parts of complex geometric configurations (crankshafts, pump housings, piston rings, etc.).

Example notation: HF50 GOST 7293-85.

Anti-friction cast iron in accordance with GOST 1585-85 is produced in the grades AChS-1, AChS-3, AChS-4, AChS-6, AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2. The letters in the brand indicate: ACh - anti-friction cast iron, C - gray, B - high-strength, K - malleable; number – serial number of the brand.

Copper and copper alloys are characterized by high thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and high melting point. Handle well under pressure. All copper alloys are well soldered. Used for the manufacture of pipes, sheets, tapes, wires, wires, cables, etc.

Some grades of copper according to GOST 859-78: M0k; M1; M1p; M2.

Cold-rolled and hot-rolled copper sheets are produced in accordance with GOST 495-70. An example of the designation of hot-rolled sheet M2 with a thickness of 6 mm: Sheet M2 Gk 6 GOST 495-70.

Brass is a copper-zinc alloy with the addition of other metals: tin, aluminum, nickel, manganese, lead, etc. Some brands: L63, L70, LA77-2, LS59-1, L06M, LZhS58-11.

Brasses are designated by the letter L and a number indicating the copper content as a percentage. In special brasses, after the letter L, write a capital letter of additional alloying elements and, through a dash after the copper content, indicate the content of alloying elements as a percentage.

Tubes, wire, sheets, and rods are made from brass. Compared to copper, brass has higher strength and corrosion resistance, and is well machined.

Example notation: L63 GOST 15527-70.

Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin with the addition of zinc, lead, and nickel (GOST 613-79). Compared to brass, bronzes have higher strength, corrosion resistance and anti-friction properties. They are very stable in air, sea water, and solutions of most organic acids.

Tin bronze grades: BrО6Ц6С3; BrO5Ts5S5; BrO4Ts4S1.

Example notation: BrO6Ts6SZ GOST 613-79.

Grades of tin-free bronzes (according to GOST 493-79): BrA9Mts2L; BrA10ZhZMts2; BrA10Zh4N4L.

Example notation: BrA10ZhZMts2GOST 493-79.

Grades of special bronzes (GOST 18175-78): BrA5; BrMts5; BrAZHN10-4-4; BrAMts9-2; BrAZh9-4; BrB2; BrBNT1.9; BrKMts3-1; BrKd1; BrM-0.3.

Example notation: BrA5 GOST 18175-78.

In the examples of brands given, the letters indicate: O – tin, C – zinc, C – lead, N – nickel, A – aluminum, Zh – iron; Mts – manganese, B – beryllium, T – titanium; numbers – average content of elements in percentage.

The main components of aluminum alloys are silicon, copper, magnesium, and zinc. According to GOST 1583-89, the following grades of cast aluminum alloys are used: AK12, AK9ch, AK7ch, AK5m, AM5, etc.; according to GOST 4784-74 alloys used for forging and stamping are AD1, AMts, – AMgl, AD31, AK8, AK6, etc.; High strength alloys are called duralumin and are also used in stamped parts. Brands: D1, D16, D18, etc.

Example notation: Alloy D16 GOST 4784-74.

Non-metallic materials. There are a significant number of non-metallic materials that successfully replace metals and their alloys. Various types of plastics are increasingly used, which, due to their special physical and mechanical properties, allow them to be used for injection molding, pressing, sheet molding, welding, gluing and other technological processes for manufacturing parts. Plastics are divided into two groups: thermoplastics and thermosets.

Thermoplastic plastics, when heated, change from a solid to a liquid state (melt), and after cooling they harden again. Plastics of this group can be processed several times without losing their physical and mechanical properties.

When heated, thermoset plastics do not melt or soften, and when a certain temperature is reached, they begin to char, so these plastics can only be used for one-time production of parts.

Textolite is a structural material with wide application (pulleys, brackets, forks, bushings, silent gears). The brands PT, PTK, PTM, etc. are manufactured.

An example of a symbol for textolite grade PTK 1st grade, 20 mm thick: Textolite PTK-20, grade 1 GOST 5-78E.

Depending on their composition, properties and purpose, phenolics are divided into types, groups and grades in accordance with GOST 5689-79. Used for the manufacture of valves, tips, handles, flywheels, etc.

An example of a symbol for phenolic group Zh2, black, made on phenolic novolac resin 010 with filler 60: Phenoplastic Zh2-010-60 black GOST 5689-79.

The following document designation structure is proposed:

The entire project is designated:

DP 02609639-240502-07-05 TP,

Where DP is an index meaning the graduation project;

02069639 - university code, in this case KSTU;

240502 - specialty code, in particular “Technology for processing plastics and elastomers”;

07 - the student’s serial number according to the group list;

05 - last digits of the calendar year;

TP - technical project code.

This designation is written on the top line of the stamp of the “Project Statement” sheet.

The project statement reflects all the documentation included in the project, an example is shown in Fig. 2.14.

Text documentation:

The settlement and explanatory note has the code PZ and is designated

DP 02609639-240502-07-05 PZ

This designation is placed on the title page of the explanatory note and on all its pages.

Graphic documentation:

Since the full designation of the project does not fit in the “Designations” column, only the DP indices and the student’s serial number 07 are left from it:

In the “Zone” column the abbreviation of the project topic is entered. For example, the production of pressure hoses - HP or PNR.

The general combined scheme has the index C6 and is designated:

DP 07 01000000 C6

This designation is written on the top line of the stamp of the specification sheet “General combined circuit” and on the sheets of the drawing.

Index 01 means that the project is one complex.

Several pairs of zeros (2 or 3 pairs) following the index 01 are intended to indicate the positions of the devices and their parts.

On the specification sheet “General combined circuit” the first pair of zeros is filled in as the position numbers of the devices. The defining word is written first: Worm machine, not Worm machine.

If there are two independent complexes in the project, then the second one is designated as:

DP 07 02000000 C6 The general view of the main device has the code VO and is designated:

DP 07 01030000 VO, where 03 is the position number of the device in the list of elements of the general circuit.

When designating nodes of the main apparatus, the second pair of zeros is filled in.

This designation is written on the top line of the corresponding stamps. The assembly drawing of the main apparatus assembly has the code SB and is designated:

DP 07 01030400 SB, where 04 is the position number of the unit on the drawing of the main apparatus.

In the specification, the positions of the parts are numbered - the third pair of zeros is filled in. This designation is written on the top line of the corresponding stamps. The detail drawing of the main apparatus assembly does not have a code and is designated:

DP 07 01030403, where 03 is the part position number on the assembly drawing.

This designation is written on the top line of the drawing stamp, and the specification sheet is not filled out.

The construction and installation drawing has the code MCH and is designated:

DP 07 01000000 MC

The first pair of zeros is filled in the specification as the position numbers of the devices (may coincide with the position designations in the general combined scheme).

			Designation	Name
				Assembly machine
				Painting machine
				Formator - vulcanizer
				Trimming machine
				Pressing out
				Definition machine
				Imbalance
				DP 17.01.00.00.00 06 |
"L1.1! III"."ID
Developed by				General scheme	Lit. | Leaf | Sheets
Checked
				Combined
Approved

Fig.2.7. An example of designing a specification for a general combined (technological) diagram

			Designation	Name
				Documentation
			DP 02069639-250503-17-04PZ	Calculation and explanatory
			DP 17.01.03.04.00 Sat	Head MChT-125
			DP 17.01.03.04.01	Head housing
			DP 17.01.03.04.02	Mouthpiece
			DP 17.01.03.04.03
				Standard products
				Bolts GOST 7798-70
				M10-8D 30.66.05
				Nut, etc.
					DP 17.01.03.04.00 Sat
Developed by				Head MChT-125		Leaf | Sheets
Checked
Approved

Rice. 2.13. Image of views, sections, sections

			Designation	Name
				Text documentation
			DP 02069639- 250503- 17- 04PZ	Calculation and explanatory
				Graphic documents
			DP 17.01.00.00.00 06	General combined scheme
			DP 17.01.00.00.00 M4	Installation drawing
			DP 17.01.03.00.00 VO	Worm machine MChT -125
			DP 17.01.03.04.00 Sat	Head MChT-125
			DP 17.01.03.04.03
					DP 02069639-250503-17-04 TP
				When executing a process diagram, a simplified representation of equipment configurations is allowed while maintaining proportionality in size. On the technological diagram it is possible not to draw parallel operating and backup equipment. Equipment is numbered in the direction of travel...

The modern industrial industry has, without any doubt, reached incredible heights. Just a few decades ago, humanity’s successes in this area were completely insignificant compared to the scale of industrial work being carried out now. Of course, there is a whole complex of factors that allowed the industrial industry. Among them are the achievements of mankind in the field of innovative technologies and the widespread availability of special education. The ability to competently create highly professional drawings is another reason why the global industrial complex has risen so high. The main inscription of the drawing is its face; the rules for filling out this field are indicated in GOST 2.104-2006.

What does this field contain?

It is important to understand that filling out the field allocated for the title block is very important for documentation of the design category. This element is a kind of formative part. Many years of experience in drawing up design documents made it possible to determine the optimal set of data that the described graphic element should contain. We are talking about statements of various types, after reading which anyone can get information about what object is described in the design document, whether the diagram is current or has already been declared obsolete, and much more.

Components of a graphic element

So, within the graphic element it is necessary to indicate the following data:

• designation of the type of drawing;
• its name;
• information about the industrial facility within which this design document was created and, possibly, is currently operating;
• regulated weight of the structure;
• scales used when depicting the product and its individual parts;
• the stage at which this development is currently located;
• serial number of the sheet;
• the date on which this design publication was issued;
• information about those persons who are responsible for the document in question.

It is necessary to understand that filling out this field cannot be ignored under any circumstances. Otherwise, subsequent problems with the implementation of paper cannot be avoided, since the design documentation must contain this field. Actually, a diagram that either does not have it at all, or has but a poorly composed graphic element of this type, simply cannot be used in the production process. This is regulated by the state standard and is mandatory for every facility in the domestic agro-industrial complex.

If you need to draw a visible outline, you should use the graphic elements specially provided for this.

What requirements does the state standard make?

Within the framework of the state industrial complex, there are a huge number of standards that contain sets of a wide variety of requirements that relate not only to the production process itself, but also to all stages preceding it. For example, in order to unify the design documentation system and promote cooperation between various industrial facilities, GOST 2.104-2006 was developed. Thanks to this state standard, an employee of any enterprise can familiarize themselves with and, most importantly, understand the information contained in the project. To do this, he should only need a certain level of qualification.

Correctly composed name

So, it is obvious that the name is one of the main elements of the described field of projects. Due to its particular importance, the above-mentioned state standard puts forward certain requirements. First of all, the name of the product. Its preparation must be approached with all responsibility. It is important not only to succinctly formulate a name that reflects the essence of the product, but also to use specialized technical terminology. Meanwhile, in this field you should not indicate either the direct functional purpose of the object or its location.

Assigning an index

In addition to the title, it is very important to accurately assign an index to the publication. Otherwise, the design document will not be able to fully participate in the document flow and, accordingly, will not be used during production processes. The index, which will be assigned to the project in the future, usually contains characters in alphabetic and digital formats. It is also important to adhere to a certain sequence of elements. Instead of a space between letters and numbers, a dot is placed. Using the example of a record in the format “202.10.06.01”, we can consider the components of the index:

What is littera?

If we translate the word “littera” directly from the Latin language, it becomes clear that the term means a letter, which implies that the product is at a certain stage of development. There are the following options for letters located in the “letter” field:

• P. This is shorthand for a technical proposal.
• E. This letter is an indicator that the project describes a preliminary design.
• T. In this case we are talking about the category of technical project.
• A. This letter determines the production of a batch of the “experimental” category.
• A. Setting this letter in the field means that some adjustments were made to the design document in connection with the characteristics and performance of the pilot batch.
• B. Such a letter traditionally means that the scheme is drawn up in accordance with the results of the production of the product described in the document with the letter A.

It is important to understand that the letter, like the index, the writing rules of which are described above, is quite important and almost the determining component of the main inscription. Thanks to such laconic and always understandable designations, a specialist with a sufficient level of qualification only needs to look at the drawing once, and the worker will immediately determine its relevance and applicability in the production process of a particular enterprise.

Indication of product weight

Another important parameter, which largely illustrates the characteristics of the product, is its weight. In accordance with GOST 2.104-2006, weight can be indicated exclusively in numbers. In addition, there is no need to indicate units of measurement, since the value in the generally accepted international system is assumed in advance. However, the calculated mass is not indicated on all pages of the drawing. The title block must contain this information before proceeding to the technical design. As practice shows, the actual mass is indicated in projects that describe the results of an experimental batch. Actually, what makes such a value actual is the way it is measured. It consists of the most ordinary weighing of a sample produced as part of a pilot series. Meanwhile, if a specialist is dealing with very large-sized technical products, the mass of which is almost impossible to determine by ordinary weighing, it becomes quite acceptable to indicate the calculated value instead of the usually required actual one. In addition, it is also possible to indicate the limits of parameter deviation. The state standard does not put forward mandatory requirements for writing mass on drawings of the following categories:

• overall;
• mounting;
• prototype.

Additional data

It should be noted that the title block of the drawing assumes the presence of 34 different columns and only a few of them carry purely technical information directly about the product. Actually, only five of them relate to the structural part of the product; all the rest complement technical information in order to fully reflect the history of creation and the specifics of manufacturing the object.

Design document data

When developing the title block of a drawing, experts indicate the scale at which the object was depicted using graphic means. The size of the scale directly depends on the initial dimensions of the object, be it a device, apparatus or something else. In addition to the scale, the serial number of each sheet is also indicated. If we are talking about a drawing in a single copy, then its numbering is not necessary. In a special field, space is allocated for the total number of sheets. You cannot leave empty the field intended for writing the name of the enterprise on the basis of which the drawing was published.

Developer details

About a third of all title block columns are intended to describe the team working on the creation of a specific design document. For example, there is a special area for writing information about under whose supervision the developer worked. This could be the head of a bureau or an entire department. Since the drawing must be signed by at least its direct developer and the normative inspector, a place is provided for their signatures within the main inscription. The date on which the document was signed is also indicated.

In general, the main inscription of the drawing contains 34 columns, the filling of which is mandatory. Specific requirements at the state level and the specifics of filling out individual fields can be found in the text of GOST 2.104-2006. A number of states voted for its immediate adoption.

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national standardization body
Azerbaijan	AZ	Azstandard
Armenia	A.M.	Ministry of Trade and Economic Development
Belarus	BY	State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan	KZ	Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan	KG	Kyrgyzstandard
Moldova	M.D.	Moldova-Standard
Russian Federation	RU	Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
Tajikistan	T.J.	Tajikstandard
Turkmenistan	TM	Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary"
Uzbekistan	UZ	Uzstandard
Ukraine	U.A.	Gospotrebstandart of Ukraine

Drawing Format

This document is produced on sheets of certain parameters. A certain format must fit the dimensions of the diagram itself and the frame.

According to GOST 2.301-68 (ST SEV 1181-78), the following options are used in practice:

Variation of drawing format	Corresponding Dimensions(cm)
A4	29,7*21,0
A3	29,7*42,0
A2	59,4*42,0
A1	59,4*84,1
A0	118,9*84,1

The framing frame, the thickness of which is 0.7 mm, in A3 and A4 formats is applied along the contour with an indentation from the edge of 5 mm, for A2, A1 and A0 it is 5-10 mm.

Fonts used in drawings

According to GOST 2.304-81, it is necessary to write letters of the established width and height, and maintain a clearly indicated distance between them. According to state standards, 10 types of font sizes are allowed for drawings: 1.8, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14, 20, 28, 40. Capital letters can be written straight or with a slope of 75 degrees.

Sample writing of drawing fonts
The font line has a fixed thickness (d), it is equal to 0.1*h, for capital letters it is 0.6*h.

This requirement applies to all symbols of this type with the exception of a few:

The height of lowercase letters is 0.7*h, and their width is 5d. As with uppercase characters, there are exceptions:

Lower case	Width size
a, c, m, b	6*d
t, f, f, w, sch, s, yu	7*d
s, s	4*d

When using fonts in drawings, you must follow certain rules:

• The inscriptions should be done strictly by hand and as carefully as possible;
• the height of all symbols used must not be less than 3.5 mm;
• It is better to write letters partially. Observe the direction of movement from top to bottom or from left to right, and in rounded symbols - through the bottom to the left or to the right;
• it is imperative to adhere to the standards for the height, width and slope of the letters, as well as maintain the required distance between them;
• identical letter symbols must be executed in the same manner without visible differences.

Types of lines in a drawing

They vary depending on the part of the structure being depicted. Conventional (hidden from the eye) details visually differ in the drawing from the visible ones, and accordingly, the way they are displayed does not match.

The types of lines are as follows:

• solid thick. It is basic and shows the visible outlines of the product. According to GOST, the thickness (s) of this line ranges from 0.5 mm to 1.4 mm;
• solid thin. This type is used to display the hatching of a section or to set the boundaries of a dimension arrow. Its thickness varies from s/3 to s/2;
• dashed. Such a line is necessary to depict a part of the part hidden from the eye. It consists of small strokes, the length of which can be from 2 mm to 8 mm. When making a drawing, it is important to draw all the lines of the same length. The distance between them is 1-2 mm. The thickness of the dashed line should be 2-3 times less than the main thick one.
• dash-dotted thin. It is a line of dashes and dots between them. Used to indicate the axial center. The distance between the strokes must be maintained at 3-5 mm, and the length of each of them must be from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. The thickness of this line is the same as that of the dashed line;

• dash-dotted thin with two dots. Its parameters are the same as those of the previous variety. Used to display the bend position of movable structures.

GOST 2.104-2006

Unified system of design documentation

BASIC INSTRUCTIONS

Unified system for design documentation. Basic descriptions

Date of introduction - 2006-09-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-97 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Procedure for development, adoption, application, updating, cancellation"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering (VNIINMASH), Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Scientific Research Center for CALS Technologies "Applied Logistics" (ANO Research Center for CALS Technologies "Applied Logistics")

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 23 of February 28, 2006)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the state construction management body
Azerbaijan		Azstandard
		Ministry of Trade and Economic Development
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandard
		Moldova-Standard
Russian Federation		Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
Tajikistan		Tajikstandard
Turkmenistan		Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary"
Uzbekistan		Uzstandard
		Gostpotrebstandart of Ukraine

4. By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 22, 2006 No. 118-st, the interstate standard GOST 2.104-2006 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation on September 1, 2006.

5. INSTEAD GOST 2.104-68

Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the “National Standards” index.

Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalog) “National Standards”, and the text of the changes is published in the information indexes “National Standards”. In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index “National Standards”

1 area of ​​use
2 Normative references

3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
4 Details of the main inscription and additional columns
5 The order of execution of the main inscription and additional columns
6 The procedure for filling out the main inscription and additional columns
Appendix A (for reference) Examples of placement of the main inscription and additional columns to it
Appendix B (for reference) Example of dividing the drawing field into zones

1 area of ​​use

This standard establishes the shapes, sizes, nomenclature of details and the procedure for filling out the main inscription and additional columns to it in design documents provided for by the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation.

Based on this standard, it is allowed, if necessary, to develop standards that reflect the specifics of specifying details and attributes when preparing design documents, taking into account their specifics.

GOST 2.053-2006 Unified system of design documentation. Electronic structure of the product. General provisions

GOST 2.102-68 Unified system of design documentation. Types and completeness of design documents

GOST 2.105-95 Unified system of design documentation. General requirements for text documents

GOST 2.109-73 Unified system of design documentation. Basic requirements for drawings

GOST 2.201-80 Unified system of design documentation. Designation of products and design documents

GOST 2.301-68 Unified system of design documentation. Formats

GOST 2.302-68 Unified system of design documentation. Scale

GOST 2.303-68 Unified system of design documentation. Lines

GOST 2.305-68 Unified system of design documentation. Images-types, sections, sections

GOST 2.501-88 Unified system of design documentation. Accounting and storage rules

GOST 2.502-68 Unified system of design documentation. Duplication rules

GOST 2.503-90 Unified system of design documentation. Rules for making changes

GOST 2.601-2006 Unified system of design documentation. Operational documents

GOST 2.602-95 Unified system of design documentation. Repair documents

GOST 2.701-84 Unified system of design documentation. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements for implementation

Note- When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards using the “National Standards” index compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:

3.1.1 document details: An element of a document's design that contains information about it.

Note- As a rule, a prop consists of attributes (composite props).

3.1.2 document attribute: An identified (named) characteristic of a part of a prop.

3.1.3 document preparation: Entering the necessary details and attributes established by the documentation rules.

3.1.4 signature: A document detail representing a handwritten signature of an authorized official.

Note- For electronic documents, an analogue of a handwritten signature is used - an electronic digital signature.

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this standard:

DE - electronic design document,

EDS - electronic digital signature,

ESI - electronic structure of the product,

COMPUTER - electronic computer.

4 Details of the main inscription and additional columns

4.1 The nomenclature of details and attributes of the main inscription and additional columns in design documents must correspond to those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1

Props		Name of the attribute or attribute (fields of the attribute or attribute)	Mandatory		Column number
			props	attribute
		Name	· 1)
		product name
		Title of the document
		Document designation and code	· 1)
		Document designation			Columns 2 and 26
		Document code
		Material designation
		Product weight
		Sheet serial number
		Total number of document sheets
		Organization name or code
		Information about signing the document	· 1)
		Nature of the work performed by the person signing the document
		Last name of the person signing the document
		Signature of the person whose last name is indicated in 9.2		· 2)
		Document signing date		· 3)
		Document Change Information	· 1)
		Sequence number of change
		Instructions for changing a sheet
		Number of the document on the basis of which the change is made
		Signature of the person who made the changes		· 2)
		Date of change		· 3)
		Designation of the area in which the part of the product being changed is located
		Inventory number of the original
		Information on acceptance of the original to the technical documentation service	· 1)
		Signature of the person who accepted the original		· 2)
		Acceptance date		· 3)
		Inventory number of the original, in replacement of which this original was issued
		Duplicate inventory number
		Information on acceptance of a duplicate to the technical documentation service	· 1)
		Signature of the person accepting the duplicate		· 2)
		Duplicate acceptance date		· 3)
		Designation of the document in place of or on the basis of which this document was issued
		Designation of the corresponding document in which this document was first recorded
		Sign installed by the customer
		Information on approval of documentation of the corresponding letter	o1)
		Decision number
		Year of approval
		Documentation approval information	· 1)
		Decision number
		Year of documentation approval
		Customer index
		Signature of the person who copied the document	o1)
		Sheet size designation
		Document version			Column 355)
		Document confidentiality level	o6)
		Information about document approval	o 1),4)
		Signature of the official		· 2)	Information about the endorsement of the original or original document on paper is placed on the filing field of the first or title page of the document
		Full name
		Resolution
		Date of approval		· 3)
		Unit			Column 365)
		Projection method			Column 375)
		Document file name			Column 385)
		Sign of an authentic document			Box 395)
		Additional document type code in accordance with GOST 2.102
		Additional ESI type code in accordance with GOST 2.053			Details of electronic document only
		Document code depending on the nature of use			Column 405)
		Designation of a document of a similar product for which technological equipment was previously manufactured	o5)
Legend: · - requisite (attribute) is required. o - the need for a prop (attribute) is established by the developer. 1) Composite props. 2) All details and/or their attributes, the value of which is a signature, are performed in the DE in the form of an electronic signature. 3) In the calendar date value for electronic documents, the year is indicated in four digits. 4) If mandatory attributes are specified for an optional attribute, then they must be specified when using it. 5) The location and size of the graphs on paper are determined by the developer. 6) The details are filled out in the prescribed manner.

4.2 For the purposes of document management in document flow processes, it is allowed to enter additional details that are not displayed on paper documents. The nomenclature of such details and the rules for implementation are established by the regulatory documents of the organization. For documentation for products developed by order of the Ministry of Defense, the list of additional document details is agreed upon with the customer (customer's representative office).

(Amendment, IUS 4-2007).

5 The order of execution of the main inscription and additional columns

It is allowed to use form 2a for subsequent sheets of drawings and diagrams.

5.2 The main inscription, additional columns to it and frames are made with solid main and solid thin lines in accordance with GOST 2.303.

5.3 The main inscription is located in the lower right corner of the design documents.

On sheets of A4 format in accordance with GOST 2.301, the main inscription is placed along the short side of the sheet.

The table of changes in the main inscription, if necessary, can continue up or to the left of the main inscription (if there is column 33, to the left of it).

When the table of changes is located to the left of the main inscription, the names of columns 14-18 are repeated.

The location of additional columns is shown in Appendix A.

5.4 To quickly find a component of a product or its element in a drawing (diagram), it is recommended to divide the field of the drawing (diagram) into zones. Marks dividing the drawing (diagram) into zones are recommended to be applied at a distance equal to one of the sides of A4 format (Figures B.1 and B.2 of Appendix B).

Marks are applied:

horizontally - in Arabic numerals from right to left;

vertically - in capital letters of the Latin alphabet from bottom to top.

Zones are designated by a combination of numbers and letters, for example: 1A, 2A, 3A, 1B, 2B, 3B, etc.

5.5 On drawings (diagrams) with one designation, made on several sheets, the horizontal numbering of zones must be continuous within all sheets.

6 The procedure for filling out the main inscription and additional columns

6.1 In the columns of the main inscription and additional columns (the column numbers on the forms are shown in parentheses) indicate the values ​​of the corresponding details or attributes according to Table 1:

in column 1 - the name of the product and the name of the document, if this document is assigned a code. For products for national economic purposes, it is allowed not to indicate the name of the document if its code is defined by GOST 2.102, GOST 2.601, GOST 2.602, GOST 2.701. The product name must comply with accepted terminology and be as short as possible. The name of the product is written in the nominative singular case. In a name consisting of several words, a noun is placed in the first place, for example: “Gear wheel.” The product name, as a rule, does not include information about the purpose of the product and its location;

(Amendment, IUS 12-2006).
(Amendment, IUS 4-2007).

in column 2 - designation of the document according to GOST 2.201 and code, if its code is defined by GOST 2.102, GOST 2.601, GOST 2.602, GOST 2.701. It is allowed to use a previously adopted document notation system;

in column 3 - designation of the material of the part (the column is filled in only on drawings of parts);

in column 4 - the letter assigned to this document (on a document in paper form, the column is filled out sequentially, starting from the leftmost cell).

It is allowed to put the letter in the working design documentation only in specifications and technical conditions.

For products developed by order of the Ministry of Defense, the list of design documents on which the letter must be affixed is agreed with the customer (customer's representative office);

in column 5 - the mass of the product according to GOST 2.109;

in column 6 - scale (indicated in accordance with GOST 2.302 and GOST 2.109);

in column 7 - the serial number of the sheet (on documents consisting of one sheet, the column is not filled in);

in column 8 - the total number of sheets of the document (indicate only on the first sheet);

in column 9 - the name or code of the organization issuing the document (the column is not filled in if the code is contained in the document designation);

(Amendment, IUS 4-2007).

in column 10 - the nature of the work performed by the person signing the document in accordance with forms 1 and 2. The free line is filled in at the discretion of the developer, for example: “Head of department”, “Head of laboratory”, “Calculated”.
Acceptable attribute values ​​are determined by the organization;
in column 11 - the names of the persons who signed the document;
in column 12 - signatures of persons whose surnames are indicated in column 11.
The signatures of the persons who developed this document and are responsible for regulatory control are required.
In the absence of a title page, the signature of the person who approved the document is allowed to be placed on the free field of the first or title page of the document in the manner established for title pages in accordance with GOST 2.105;
in column 13 - the date of signing the document;
in columns 14 -18 - information about changes, which are filled out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.503;
in column 19 - the inventory number of the original according to GOST 2.501;
in column 20 - information about the acceptance of the original by the technical documentation service (signature and date of acceptance);
in column 21 - the inventory number of the original, in replacement of which this original was issued in accordance with GOST 2.503;
in column 22 - inventory number of the duplicate according to GOST 2.502;
in column 23 - information about the acceptance of the duplicate by the technical documentation service (signature and date of acceptance);
in column 24 - designation of the document in place of or on the basis of which this document was issued;
in column 25 - the designation of the corresponding document in which this document was first recorded. Mandatory details for all documents borrowed from the documentation of other products;
in column 26 - document designation, rotated by 180° for A4 format and for formats larger than A4 when the main inscription is located along the long side of the sheet and by 90° for formats larger than A4 when the main inscription is located along the short side of the sheet;
in column 27 - a sign installed by the customer in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation and affixed by the customer or the customer’s representative office;
in column 28 - the number of the decision and the year of approval of the documentation of the corresponding letter. The year of approval is indicated in four digits;
in column 29 - the decision number and the year of approval of the documentation. The year of approval is indicated in four digits;
in column 30 - the customer’s index in accordance with regulatory documentation;
in column 31 - the signature of the person who copied the document. When copying an electronic document, required details;
in column 32 - designation of the sheet format according to GOST 2.301. For an electronic document, indicate the sheet format on which the scale indicated in column 6 will correspond;
in column 33 - designation of the zone in which the variable part of the product is located;
in column 34, the numbers of copyright certificates for inventions used in this product;
in column 35 - the version number of the document in electronic form from which the document in paper form was received on computer output devices. The column is filled out only for documents produced using a computer;
in column 36 - unit of measurement (metric or inch);
in column 37 - projection method. The method of arranging projections of a part in a drawing. Mandatory if the projection does not comply with GOST 2.305;
in column 38 - the name of the file containing the document in electronic form. The column is filled out only for documents produced using a computer;
in column 39 - a sign of an authentic document (mandatory for authentic documents);
in column 40 - document code depending on the nature of use.
For electronic documents in accordance with GOST 2.102 (Table 2), the following codes are used:
1 - original,
2 - original,
3 - duplicate,
4 - copy.
in column 41 - Designation of a document of a similar product for which the technological equipment necessary for this product was previously manufactured. For documents executed only on paper, it is allowed to use column 24.
(Amendment, IUS 4-2007).

Notes:

1 In columns 13, 18, 20, 23, when indicating the calendar date on paper, the year is indicated in the last two digits.

2 Box 26 on form 2a is mandatory only for drawings and diagrams.

3 Graphs made with dashed lines are entered if necessary. Columns 27 - 30 are required for documents approved by the customer.

4 When using Form 1 for subsequent sheets of drawings and diagrams, columns 1, 3 - 6, 9 are not filled out.

Form 1

Main inscription and additional columns for drawings and diagrams

Form 2

Main inscription and additional columns for text design documents (first or title page)

Form 2a

Main inscription and additional columns for drawings (diagrams) and text design documents (subsequent sheets)

Form 2b

Main inscription and additional columns for text design documents for double-sided photocopying (subsequent sheets)

Odd page number

Even page number

Appendix A

(informative)
Examples of placement of the main inscription and additional columns to it

1 - main inscription; 2 - additional columns

Appendix B

(informative)
An example of dividing a drawing field into zones

Figure B.1

Figure B.2

Keywords: design documentation, title block, electronic design document, document execution, document details, electronic digital signature

Approved by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in December 1967. The date of introduction has been set

1. This standard establishes the shapes, sizes, procedure for filling out main inscriptions and additional columns to them in design documents provided for by the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation. The standard complies with ST SEV 365-76 and ST SEV 140-74 in terms of placing the main inscription, dividing the drawing field into zones and leaving a field for filing. 2. The content, location and dimensions of the columns of the main inscriptions, additional columns to them, as well as the dimensions of the frames in the drawings and diagrams must correspond to form 1, and in text documents - to forms 2, 2a and 2b. It is allowed to use form 2a for subsequent sheets of drawings and diagrams. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2). 3. The main inscriptions, additional columns to them and frames are made with solid main and solid thin lines in accordance with GOST 2.303-68. 4. The main inscriptions are located in the lower right corner of the design documents. On A4 sheets in accordance with GOST 2.301-68, the main inscriptions are located along the short side of the sheet. The table of changes in the main inscription, if necessary, can continue up or to the left of the main inscription (if there is column 33, to the left of it). When the table of changes is located to the left of the title block, the column 14 - 18 repeat. The location of additional columns is shown in Appendix 1. 5. To quickly find a component of a product or its element in a drawing (diagram), it is recommended to divide the field of the drawing (diagram) into zones. Marks dividing the drawing (diagram) into zones are recommended to be applied at a distance equal to one of the sides of A4 format (drawings 1 and 2 of Appendix 2). The marks are applied: horizontally - in Arabic numerals from right to left; vertically - in capital letters of the Latin alphabet from bottom to top. Zones are designated by a combination of numbers and letters, for example: 1A, 2A, 3A, 1B, 2B, 3B, etc. 6. In drawings (diagrams) with one designation, made on several sheets, the horizontal numbering of zones must be continuous within all sheets. 7. In the columns of the main inscription and additional columns (the column numbers on the forms are shown in brackets) indicate: in the column 1 - name of the product (in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.109-73), as well as the name of the document, if this document is assigned a code. For products for national economic purposes, it is allowed not to indicate the name of the document if its code is defined by GOST 2.102-68, GOST 2.601-95, GOST 2.602-95, GOST 2.701-84; in the column 2 - document designation; in column 3 - designation of the material of the part (the column is filled in only on drawings of parts); in column 4 - the letter assigned to this document (the column is filled in sequentially, starting from the leftmost cell). It is allowed to put the letter in the working design documentation only in specifications and technical conditions. For products developed by order of the Ministry of Defense, the list of design documents on which the letter must be affixed is agreed with the customer (customer’s representative); in the column 5 - weight of the product according to GOST 2.109-73; in column 6 - scale (indicated in accordance with GOST 2.302-68 and GOST 2.109-73); in the column 7 - serial number of the sheet (on documents consisting of one sheet, the column is not filled in); in column 8 - the total number of sheets of the document (the column is filled out only on the first sheet); in column 9 - the name or distinctive index of the enterprise issuing the document (the column is not filled in if the distinctive index is contained in the designation of the document); in column 10 - the nature of the work performed by the person signing the document in accordance with forms 1 and 2. The free line is filled in at the discretion of the developer, for example: “Head of department”, “Head of laboratory”, “Calculated”; in column 11 - the names of the persons who signed the document; in column 12 - the signatures of the persons whose names are indicated in column 11. The signatures of the persons who developed this document and are responsible for standard control are mandatory. In the absence of a title page, the signature of the person who approved the document is allowed to be placed on the free field of the first or title page of the document in the manner established for title pages in accordance with GOST 2.105-95. If it is necessary to have a visa of officials on a document, then they are placed in the field for filing the first or title page of the document; in column 13 - the date of signing the document; in columns 14 - 18 - columns of the table of changes, which are filled out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.503-90; in column 19 - the inventory number of the original according to GOST 2.501-88; in column 20 - the signature of the person who accepted the original into the technical documentation department (bureau), and the date of acceptance; in column 21 - the inventory number of the original, in replacement of which this original was issued in accordance with GOST 2.503-90; in column 22 - inventory number of the duplicate according to GOST 2.502-68; in column 23 - the signature of the person who accepted the duplicate to the technical documentation department (bureau), and the date of acceptance; in column 24 - designation of the document in place of or on the basis of which this document was issued. It is also allowed to use a column to indicate the designation of a document of a similar product for which the technological equipment necessary for this product was previously manufactured; in the column 25 - designation of the corresponding document in which this document was first recorded; in column 26 - document designation, rotated by 180° for A4 format and for formats larger than A4 when the main inscription is located along the long side of the sheet and by 90° for formats larger than A4 when the main inscription is located along the short side of the sheet; in the column 27 - a sign installed by the customer in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation and affixed by the customer’s representative; in column 28 - the number of the decision and the year of approval of the documentation of the corresponding letter; in column 29 - the decision number and year of approval of the documentation;

Title block for drawings and diagrams

Main block for text design documents (first or title page)

Title block for drawings (diagrams) and text design documents (subsequent sheets)

Main inscription for text design documents for double-sided photocopying (subsequent sheets)

In column 30 - the customer’s index in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation; in column 31 - signature of the person who copied the drawing; in column 32 - designation of the sheet format according to GOST 2.301-68; in column 33 - designation of the zone in which the variable part of the product is located; in column 34 - numbers of copyright certificates for inventions used in this product. Notes:1. Column 26 on form 2a is mandatory only for drawings and diagrams.2. Graphs made with dashed lines are entered if necessary. Columns 27 - 30 are required for documents approved by the customer.3. When using Form 1 for subsequent sheets of drawings and diagrams, columns 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 are not filled in.4. In columns 13, 20, 23, when writing the calendar date, the year is indicated with the last two digits. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, Amendment).