Paragraph 1

Buka Law- almost the only representative of the Godville fauna, whom both heroes and monsters hate and secretly dream of killing. Moreover, the attempt of the god of monsters is known, if not to exterminate them in the bud, then at least to transfer the undesirable from the monstrous to any other class, but the Book of the Law on only six hundred and fifteen pages proved that this was illegal, and when, in desperation, they offered him an ark and a shop at the same time and the airship, the monster indignantly declared that its mission was to maintain law and order on the earth's disk, based on a set of laws of meanness in five volumes and some provisions of the Lynch law. Trying to play along with his superiors, the naive Godville Moderator, without proper preparation, accused Buku of the Law of violating clause 4.6 of the PHT (unauthorized moderation), but was mercilessly ridiculed, flattened, rolled out and was forced to make a public apology with payment of moral damages in carrots and cabbage.

Point 2

Having met the hero, the Buka of the Law manages to read out the indictment (usually with the wording “Damage of property associated with murder with particular cruelty on the basis of personal hostility” or “Open violent armed organized gratuitous conversion of someone else’s property for one’s own benefit for selfish purposes”) and take an oath (“I swear to impartially punish this hero and no one but the hero!”)

The monster's weapon is sharp formulations and a tsunami of words, defense is a paper shaft, a squeeze out of Prohibition and called witnesses. It is impossible to starve out the Beech of the Law: although he is quite easily killed by any weapon, heroes (and monsters) tend to believe the myth that claims that instead of the killed Beech of the Law, two appear, so they prefer to plug their ears, close their eyes and run away.

Point 3

But if the escape routes are blocked and the only way out is murder, remember: the monster needs to be cut into the smallest pieces, leaving no chance for the monster cleaning beetles. After all, any remaining piece larger than a fist begins to chant: “Hereby I, the Beech of the Law, due to the injuries received, incompatible with life, transfer to the hero all rights, claims, benefits and other interests belonging to me in the property called the trophy, together with the packaging, with the right to break, study, craft, use as bait, medicine and weapons and otherwise use, using for this purpose any kind of devices, both currently existing and invented later, or without using the mentioned devices, as well as transfer previously named property to third parties to persons for compensation or free of charge..."

Law of World Extrusion 3 .1

© Bukov Alexander Anatolyevich

"What is water?" - “Liquid, son.” - “What is liquid?” - “One of the states of matter, son.” - “What is a substance?” - “Well... This is matter. This is everything that surrounds us, son." - “What is matter?” - “Fuck you..., son...”

Alexander Nikonov. Monkey upgrade. The big story of a small singularity

Find the beginning of everything and you will understand a lot

Kozma Prutkov

The rejection of ether in physics led it to a dead end. We need to return, and not wade further into the surreal jungle of relative theories with their incredible paradoxes, inexplicable postulates, curved spaces and sometimes with screwed-on accelerator-retarders (people, come to your senses! You can go crazy!).

They will say: “But how can that be?” After all, the non-existence of ether has been experimentally proven...

– Wow... In fact, anything can be experimentally proven, the main thing in this matter is the “interpretation” of the data obtained. And scientists know how to interpret. Well, okay, experimentally confirming the existence of something is imaginable, but proving in this way the non-existence of something is cool! How, for example, can one prove that Mr. N there is no million dollars, maybe he is just pretending to be a beggar? Michelson's experiments only showed that his ideas about underground millionaires..., excuse me, about the ether, do not correspond to reality, that's all. He, in particular, proceeded from the assumption that the Earth was rushing through a stationary ether, although, in fact, it was moving in the flow of ether, which was confirmed by his experiments. Therefore, their results can be safely written down as an argument in favor of the existence of the ether. This is what interpretation means!

But that’s not even the main thing. Recognizing his inability to present a Unified Picture of the World, non-ethereal physics has admitted its own insolvency. Arguing with her is not noble and not interesting - it’s like competing in sports with a poor person. And there is actually no subject for dispute: the conversation between two physicists is about different things - ethereal physics tries to understand the essence of phenomena, and non-ethereal physics collects the phenomena themselves and describes the external patterns that accompany themand does not even set the task of finding out why certain interactions arise, what is their cause.

All this resembles the situation with a stereo picture. If you just look at its surface, you can see that something seems to be depicted, but what is unclear, but if you focus your vision deeper, a single three-dimensional world of the picture opens up. True, not everyone succeeds in this, and those who fail get angry and envy those who succeed or believe that they are being deceived, and there is no single image. Thus, non-ethereal physics scrupulously studies surface manifestations, icons of the Universe and does not see a single picture, and ethereal physics follows the call of Kozma Prutkov: “look at the root!” and tries to discern what the Artist wanted to depict.

Ethereal physics can also be conventionally called the physics of engineers, that is, people who find it difficult to put lies on their ears, like this: a machine works simply because this is its property. No, they know for sure: this requires an appropriate mechanism, an engine and an energy source that powers it, without this not a single machine will move.

What, for example, according to adherents of non-ethereality, makes material objects gravitate towards each other? or do the so-called charges interact with each other?

- Oh, just... According to the law... Matter has such a property - law-abidingness.

Yes, a comprehensive explanation, removes any questions. And so it seems, the baby comes to his father:

- Dad, why is this or that happening?

- And because, son, this is a property of matter.

T nevertheless, etherless physics,pretending to be a harmonious theory,takes upon himself the right to evaluate and even reject the etheric concept. True, nSome “advanced” scientists talk about “physical vacuum”, even about “boiling vacuum”, that is, they hint that it is not empty. Maybe that's enough hints, it's time to say directly - the real space is filled. Historically, its filler was called Ether. Or does your mother not tell you to call a spade a spade? Well, if you don’t like this name (with kefir it sounds hard to hear) - suggest, if you can, another, more harmonious one, the essence does not change.

Actually to doubt the existence of ether is at least strange. Indeed, from a philosophical point of view, our real World, in contrast to the speculative mosaic world of etherless physics, is one. True, for some reason the wise philosophy itself remains silent about this, waits for others to solve the problem, but in vain - well, oh well, we’ll manage as always. So here it isthe unity of the World is manifested, in particular, in the symmetry and “Divine proportionality” (beauty, harmony) of all its elements.Therefore, there must be something comprehensive in it, permeating all levels of the universe from the microcosm to metagalaxies; there must be a single carrier of all interactions, from intra-atomic to gravitational. Which means there must be air. As Voltaire would say about this, if the ether did not exist, it should have been invented. But, since everything was invented and implemented before us, we only have to figure out (to our advantage) what the Ether is, because “without it, nothing began to be, that began to be.”

Ether- not only an all-encompassing and all-penetrating medium, the ether is the only really existing substance, the only building material from which everything that we call matter, substance, interstellar space is built, therefore its can be called primordial matter or primordial substance. At the heart of everything are the smallest particles - etherons, which are under conditions of enormous (by our scale) pressure on each other, the reason for which is that in the original uncompressed etheric environment a corresponding volume appeared e m of absolute emptiness, caused by the movement of etherons, that is, Substance, Etheric Waves, in a word - Energy. Here “Energy” is an artificial concept that characterizes the amount of movement of etherons or the volume of absolute emptiness held by their movement, and ultimately the resulting etheric pressure. The equivalent of all the energy in the Metagalaxy is the volume of absolute emptiness in it, held by the movement of etherons. The etheric pressure caused by this volume of emptiness is true potential energy, the primary source of any type of physical energy in our World in any of its manifestations, and this is what unites all possible interactions, and this is the unity of our World.

Since the etherons are extremely elementary, there can be no cohesion or friction between them, that is ether is super-free-flowing. At the same time, densely packed etherons under conditions of uniform pressure form a regular structure and have some properties of solids (“firmament”), or, more precisely, crystals, which manifests itself, among other things, in the conductivity of transverse light waves. It is not without reason that the word is used in relation to interstellar space Space– order. True, unlike material crystals, the etheric crystal lattice is held together not by the interaction of etherons with each other (as atoms interact in solids), but by etheric pressure.

Under conditions of uneven pressure, superfluidity manifests itself as superfluidity, that is, under these conditions, the ether behaves like a superfluid liquid. In the absence of pressure, in a free state, ether has the properties of an ideal gas.

Thus, ether can exhibit the properties of all basic aggregate states of matter. And this is not some kind of ether quality invented and adjusted to the desired answer, but a simple consequence of the finite, ultimate elementarity of etherons - this is exactly how a mass of tiny, absolutely elastic, incompressible spherical particles should behave, which can, to a certain extent, be modeled by a multitude of polished steel metal balls .

In the real conditions of our World, which exists only thanks to ether pressure, we can observe the manifestation of the properties of ether as a solid body (so-called electromagnetic waves) and as a liquid (ether gates of galaxies, planetary systems).

It should be noted here that in the ether we can conditionally distinguish endless ethereal chains of etherons in contact with each other, which, under conditions of compression, have some properties of elastic strings. Apparently they are trying to build the so-called superstring theory on this property of the ether.

Element of real space, ETHERON(ether quantum) is the only really existing material particle that has characteristics characteristic, oddly enough, of material (and ideal) objects: volume, inertia, elasticity. If a certain volume is densely filled with motionless etherons, it is perceived by us as emptiness or a real material vacuum. Interstellar space serves as a clear example of this. And if in the volume of the ordered ether torus-vortex ethereal formations appeared, holding absolute emptiness, then it means that it already has Chaos- Substance.

Now we need to FINALLY understand what it is SUBSTANCE, otherwise modern official science is still, you see, not up to date with the matter, as well as with the issue of life on Mars. We need to help the guys. Otherwise they suffer (with nonsense), build monstrous accelerators, burying colossal means in the ground (apparently, this is why such science calls itself fundamental) and smash so-called charged particles against each other as hard as they can, while registering more and more “elementary particles” . –No, guys, you need to work more with your head, and not say: “What’s there to think about, you need to jump.” I’ll tell you a secret, someone shamelessly deceived you: there cannot be such a huge number of elementary particles, only one - the first, which is also the last, alpha and omega. What is she like? Let's try to figure it out...

Once upon a time, in order to clarify this issue, the ancient brothers in reason proposed to take everything and divide and divide a material object into parts until the last non-divisible element of matter remained, which they called “atom” - indivisible. Well, let's follow the advice of the ancients, take an object and divide it, divide it again, and again,... and again. Finally, the last effort, and here He is - the smallest indivisible element..., no, not of matter, but of real space - that same etheron.

- Those are the times! Excuse me, where did the substance go?! - it was a certain Bore who cut into my monologue - I have all the moves written down.

-Didn’t you notice? Let me explain (watch your hands, everything is fair with us): each time during division, energy was released, the same energy that went into intermolecular, intramolecular, interatomic and intraatomic bonds. This energy formed what we traditionally perceive as matter.

– Well, in what form is energy found in a material object?

– You won’t believe it – in the form of Nothing, really absolute emptiness. True, it is possible to maintain this emptiness under conditions of enormous pressure of the surrounding ether only by the movement of etherons in closed torus formations. Thus, the volume of absolute emptiness held is a measure of the momentum of the etherons holding it, and emptiness itself, by the way, is the cause of the phenomenon known as gravity. By dividing matter, we release this energy-emptiness, which dissipates in the form of ethereal waves in real ethereal space. This is how all the matter dissipated during fission. Remained etheron – element of matter, the original basis of both real space and matter, the cornerstone of the Universe, chosen by the Creator, but stubbornly rejected by official science.

The most primary stable material formation may consist of three etherons rotating one after another, let’s call it TRIERON. A separate trieron with two axial etherons on the sides is the one known to us electron. So, grandfather Lenin got very excited, claiming that the electron is as inexhaustible as the atom - only three etherons, plus two axial ones, that’s all its depth. Naturally, the electron does not have any charge, just as no other material formations have it. Charge is simply a quantitative characteristic of excess or missing electrons in some object to the point of complete happiness.

An atom of matter is a torus-shaped structure of trierons located along the ring axis of the torus and rotating in one direction, without any invented protons and neutrons.By the way, the term “atom” in meaning does not correspond to the designated object, which is still divisible. You might think about replacing it with something else, for example, given its original torus shape, with " THORON».

The structure of the thoron atom makes it a pump, passing the surrounding ether through itself: one side is suction, the other is output. Two torus-shaped hydrogen atoms, meeting at their suction sides, “stick together” into a hydrogen molecule. The essence of this adhesion is that the ether between the atoms becomes more rarefied, so they are pressed against each other by the external ether. All molecules of matter are built on this principle of pressing down atoms.

The most regular and minimally sized torus shape is found in the hydrogen atom, or more precisely, in its lightest isotope, protium.(Fig.1) . The heavier the atom—the larger the diameter of the original torus—the more “crumpled” it is by external etheric pressure. The diameter of the initial torus determines the crumpled figure of the toron-atom and, accordingly, its properties. But this is a topic for another discussion.

Fig.1.Torus-shaped vortex of a hydrogen atom

So, now it is clear that matter does not consist of some finite so-called elementary particles, matter is the result of the movement of etherons in torus-shaped vortices of atoms, which is fixed in the formulaE= mc 2 , which everyone who is not too lazy, like hooligan teenagers, writes on every fence, without delving into its meaning at all. Simply put, it means that matter is a manifestation of energy. The question immediately arises: energy of what? After all, it cannot exist on its own - it needs a carrier. ABOUT The answer is obvious, this is the energy of the ether, not empty space. Sothe elements of matter are not corpuscles and not waves, and not corpuscle-waves, matter is a set of closed structures of etherons that are in motion, that is, possessing energy, which makes the above formula understandable. We can say: everything that is commonly believed matter is a form of existence of energy (absolute emptiness) in the ether. Absolute emptiness can be in two states: stationary - conserved in the torus vortices of atoms of matter, and moving - in the form of electromagnetic, more precisely, ethereal waves.

Thus, substance as an independent material substance does not exist!!! Substance is a form of manifestation of ether, one of its energy states. This is exactly what is stated in the above formula. Ether without energy, that is, without movement, is a real emptiness, a physical vacuum; with energy – what we are used to calling matter: matter and ethereal waves.So, all these incomprehensible things in the microcosm with a dual nature, a tunnel effect, and so on, precisely because there are no such material microparticles in reality, but there are more or less stable etheric structures formed by the movement of etherons under the pressure of the surrounding ether. Therefore, it seems that they do not behave in accordance with classical mechanics. What non-etherealists call elementary particles is simply the “observer effect” (or rather, destroyer), which consists in the fact that we see the result of intervention, destruction - traces of remnants of torn ethereal formations. In fact, it is classical mechanics that operates in the microworld, since it deals with ideal material objects - etherons, and it should be applied to them, and not to non-existent “elementary particles”.

I repeat, in everything that surrounds us, including ourselves, consists of the same material elements (etherons) as interstellar space, which is considered a vacuum. Only we are less dense ethereal creatures than a real vacuum,a kind of accumulation of holes or clots of energy-emptiness in ethereal space. What's it like? So, when someone says to someone: “you are an empty place for me,” it is not far from the truth (in the physical sense), we are indeed more empty than the space surrounding us from the point of view of etheric density, but there is more in us movement of etherons, that is, energy, that is, matter.However, it is just as difficult to accept that everything material is emptiness in the dense ether as it was difficult at one time to accept that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and not vice versa. It is difficult to give up your “knowledge” (and titles), but you have to force yourself. Descendants will be surprised how it was possible not to understand such natural, self-evident things.

To visualize all of the above, you can use your own life experience. Imagine, in a completely filled bus, heated (filled with “energy”) groups of people (such as etherons) decided to dance in circles-atoms, for this they will need additional space - that same absolute emptiness, but the rest of the passengers will have to make room, that is, create a general etheric pressure. At the same time, the energy of the round dance participants (substance) will hold the absolute emptiness from the onslaught of other passengers. If the round dance breaks up, its space will immediately be filled, and the overall crowding will decrease. The same thing happens during the decay of atoms. With a large concentration of unstable atoms, their spontaneous disintegration leads to a local decrease in etheric pressure, and as a consequence - the massive disintegration of all of them (known under the pseudonym “nuclear fission chain reaction”). However, a serious difference between passengers and etherons is the great friction between them, even to the point of swearing and fighting, which interferes with the free movement of round dances around the bus. But between the etherons, due to their elementary nature, there is no and cannot be any friction, everything is orderly and noble with them, therefore their round dances easily slide in the etheric space, experiencing only external pressure, which, however, can be uneven. So, if additional passengers begin to enter one door of the bus and exit from the other, this will create some pressure gradient on the round dances, forcing them to move towards the exit. This, by the way, is an analogue of gravitational influence.

Phew, I hope so We finally figured out what real space, matter and substance are. And no antimatter, antiworlds from which can only exist in antiheads that have a special anti-matter! The same applies to all kinds of parallel, perpendicular and located at any angles to ours worlds.

So, I can offer a recipe for the creation of the Universe, write it down: take an infinite volume, densely filled with ether, add energy to it to taste, that is, the movement of etherons with the resulting appearance of absolute emptiness and the appearance of etheric pressure. That's all! You can sit back and enjoy almost forever watching the birth and death of galaxies, stars, planets and strange creatures on these planets, trying to comprehend your exercises and the results obtained, marveling at the discrepancy between their essence and obviousness.

Indeed, the Creator tried to avert his eyes from the essence: after all, it was once obvious that the Earth was flat and lay on the backs of three whales (naturally, otherwise it would have drowned in the ocean), then it was obvious that the Sun revolves around the Earth, now It is still obvious to some that they are being pulled to the ground by something. But every time it turns out that this is just an illusion. Of course, saying goodbye to illusions requires certain mental efforts in abstraction, well, you need to strain yourself, you need to train the flexibility of the mind.

Take, for example, gravity, with which many have once again fallen into the trap of obviousness.Yes, an apple falls to the Earth and it’s not very pleasant if at that moment someone’s head ends up between them. She suddenly begins to imagine that the Earth attracts apples and even that apples attract the Earth, that in general any object attracts everything around it (horror!!!) - such an unexpected effect. Some people, however, imagine this even without a blow to the head, apparently congenital. Theyclaim that all material objects cultivate around themselves certain gravitational fields that have some kind of infinite long-range action, and with their help they pull towards themselves everything ό falling. In such fields ti a Gronoms are enthusiastically engaged in unsuccessful and hopeless catching of hypothetical gravitons, and all to no avail. By the way, why not consider failures in detecting gravitons proof of the non-existence of gravitational fields, if we approach it honestly and impartially, if a similar argument has worked in relation to the airwaves. In addition, I have long wanted to know, what is long-range action? What is its mechanism? What kind of long stick is this, or maybe it’s telepathy?...

These distinguished field scientists also believe that all objects initially possess a certain potential energy in relation to each other, which is just waiting to turn into the kinetic energy of their gravitational approach. And with all this, for some reason the Universe is not compressing, but rather expanding, and even with acceleration!!!... - Nothing special, an ordinary paradox...

It should be noted that the word “paradox” has thoroughly taken root in official physics. It is so beautiful, imported, very intelligent - it does not offend anyone, on the contrary, it gives the charm of transcendental genius. One problem: if you replace it with simple Russian analogues “inconsistency”, “discrepancy”, the most precise - “absurdity”, then the beauty immediately fades, the charm disappears, and you understand that the business that they sell you with such a sauce is sewn with harsh whites threads.

In general, turning potential energy into kinetic energy is a delightfully clever trick! Translated into Russian, this statement sounds like this: work is done without energy expenditure, simply one type of energy is converted into another. A-ball-child! And these people forbid picking your nose over perpetual motion machines projects. Or maybe immediately convert potential energy into electrical energy? And run trains according to this principle, so that they are not powered by fuel, but by the distance between stations!

In addition, the law of universal gravitation directly contradicts the first law of Mechanics. After all, the inertial mass is called that because it is inert, that is, in order to move it from its place you need to apply EXTERNAL effort: everyone knows that in order for a mass to move, it needs to be given a good kick.And then suddenly, out of the blue, on their own initiative (!), bodies that simply have inert (!) mass begin to “gravitate” towards each other like zombies. How is this possible? Well, you can still understand if these bodies are of different sexes, and if not– this is... [censored] ...

Or such a strange example. Let's take two bodies: the first - with a small mass and fixedly fixed, the second - with bό lighter weight and free. According to the law of universal gravitation, the second body will be attracted to the first, and most of the work on its movement will be done due to its own gravitational field, so to speak, due to internal reserves. Great! and we did not believe Munchausen that he pulled himself out of the swamp by his hair.

The next point: gravity is declared to be universal and universal. However, it is immediately stipulated that the corresponding law is valid only for a “spherical horse in a vacuum”: two conventional material points with mass (!!!). Universality is good: here universal, all-encompassing and universal gravity plays, but here, excuse me, “the fish were wrapped up”– gravitational paradox, sir. Moreover, it turns out that the law of universal gravitation is a pure abstraction (fiction), and the real world lives in a complete gravitational paradox.

So is the law of universal gravitation universal? Is it really true that any body characterized by inertial mass also has gravity? One could understand the temptation to declare this law general and universal if all other interactions were deduced as consequences from the gravitational one. But, alas, it does not grow together, and the manifestations of gravity themselves have not been found either in the microcosm, or in the macrocosm either.Ask yourself honestly whether you can present manifestations of the law of universal gravitation between objects on a non-planetary scale.They say that we do not observe such manifestations of gravity between objects of the macrocosm because it is very weak. - Well, we know this well: “crocodiles also fly, only very low” (then moles also fly, with a negative sign).

But they claim that the universality of Sir Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation was confirmed by Sir Henry Cavendish with his experiments on torsion balances. Yes, adults... It’s a pity that there are no torsion scales at hand, otherwise you can twist anything on them, right up to the law of universal repulsion (and they twist it, as they do with thimble makers: “I twist, I twist - I want to deceive"). Well, at least my head is always in the right place. Having spread out the contents of this device (hide the ax, I’m figurative), let’s conduct our experiment. Take two objects in the shape of the letter “P”, place them on the same axis with their legs facing each other and in mutually perpendicular planes (Fig. 2). Start slowly bringing things closer together. Be careful, hold it tight - after all, when their centers of gravity (what not material points?) approach each other (combine) the force of gravitational interaction, according to the law of universal gravitation, should tend to infinity-and-and-and!!! Do you feel the power of gravity? No?!!!... Try again. Don’t you feel anything again?... Well, I don’t know, all the questions are for Newton and Cavendish - I didn’t promise you anything!

Fig.2.“Inseparable” (absurd) gravitational connection

What happens in the end?– A strange picture: at a great distance between objects, when they can be considered material points, the law applies, and as they come closer, gravity decreases and when their centers of gravity coincide, it completely disappears. Chudn ό all this, because according to the logic of the law, it should be the other way around: at the slightest touch of objects, one would expect a “breakdown” of their masses and “welding” into a single object.

And, in general, conducting such experiments with torsion balances in conditions of earth’s gravity is the same as conducting experiments on microelectromagnetic interaction in a transformer booth without any protections or screens. Who can vouch for the reliability of the results of such experiments?! So, no matter how you twist the torsion scales, the law of universal gravitation is not fulfilled - because it is incorrect (that’s what it means to appropriate someone else’s property without understanding the essence of the issue).

It's simply incredible that such theoretical nonsense– The law of universal gravitation has been presented for centuries as an immutable truth, an absolute dogma that cannot be questioned, and has survived to this day. But there are all sorts of committees on pseudosciences, what do they do?... It’s come to this, a medieval collection of spells is a lesser source of obscurantism and superstition than a modern textbook on non-ethereal physics!

Well, in ethereal physics, only bodies that radiate energy due to their mass have a gravitational effect, while others just succumb to this influence. Moreover, this is not even a property of the bodies themselves, but the result of the pressure of the ether surrounding them. Thus, there is no gravity as gravitation, there is etheric extrusion– ethereal expression , which, in turn, is a manifestation of the most fundamental Law of World Extrusion (Pushing Out): a body located in a medium with variable pressure (uneven density) is subject to a force proportional to the pressure gradient of the medium at the location of the body, the difference in the densities of the body and the medium, the volume of the medium occupied by the body, and directed towards the lowest density of the given medium .

In the reality around us, a concrete body is affected by the squeezing force of two media simultaneously: material (Archimedean force) and ethereal (the so-called gravity). The resulting effect of these forces is aimed at equalizing the density of the body with the density of the surrounding media.

The above law, in fact, describes ALL physical interactions of the material world : electrical, magnetic, intra-atomic, and gravitational.

Let's turn to a visual aid on ethereal astrophysics - the Solar System. Let us immediately note that the model of the solar system based on the law of universal gravitation cannot be stable. Such a system cannot exist, since it will have a positive feedback: the slightest increase in the speed of any planet - and, according to the law of universal gravitation, it flies outside the system, the slightest decrease - and it inevitably falls on the Sun, not to mention the impossibility keep the orbital planes close to the constant Laplace plane. But they still rotate, moreover, in approximately the same plane and in stable orbits. How can we explain this? What stabilizes such a system? Where are the heroines and engines with which someone corrects the movement of celestial bodies?!! – The law of universal gravitation clearly has nothing to do with it. Or do they want to tell us that the entire solar system has been balancing on the brink of stability for billions of years? Well, it's funny!

Now let's see what the mechanics of the solar system looks like in ethereal physics. Let's imagine that in a uniformly compressed interstellar ethereal medium a material object has appeared (we can have in mind our Sun), consisting of decaying atoms or atoms undergoing thermonuclear transformations, in a word, emitting energy-emptiness, that is, a kind of ethereal hole that begins to fill surrounding ether (such a gravitational body can be called etherophage or etheroglot). As a result, the ether begins to move from all sides towards the object (Fig. 3). What are the parameters of this movement? To answer this question, we will carry out the following reasoning.

Fig.3.Movement of ether to the center of a celestial body

Let us highlight two conditional concentric spheres around the celestial body: at a distancer 1 and at a distance r 2 from the center. With uniform absorption of ether by a celestial body, the same amount of ether passes through these spheres per unit time in the direction of the center, which can be expressed in terms of volumeW, equal to the product of the area of ​​the sphere S=4 π r 2 for a given radius on the speed of movement of the ethervthrough this area. Since the same amount of ether must pass through different spheres, thenW 1 = W 2 , from which it follows that 4 π r 1 2 v 1 = 4 π r 2 2 v 2 , that is r 1 2 v 1 = r 2 2 v 2 = r 2 v( r) = const. Thus, the speed of movement of the ether to the center of a celestial body is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to it:v( r) = const / r 2 .

In this case, the speed of the ether for each radius is proportional to the acceleration:v( r) = g( r) t (t– time), therefore, the centripetal acceleration of the movement of the ether will also be inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the center:g( r) = K / r 2 , Where K– proportionality coefficient, a constant value for a specific object, determined by the number and rate of decay of its atoms (more precisely, the amount of ether absorbed by it per unit time, a conditional characteristic of which we will consider the gravitational massM).

Since the ether moves rapidly towards the celestial body, this means that part of the ether pressure is spent on this movement. Consequently, the pressure of the ether towards a body with gravitational mass will fall in proportion to the increase in its speed:

P= P 0– KP / r 2 ,

and the pressure gradient increases:

dP / dr = KP / r 2 .

The density and pressure of the ether are directly proportional, therefore, the density of the ether will also fall towards the center of gravity:

ρ = ρ 0 – K ρ / r 2 .

This drop in pressure-density of the ether is exactly the same mechanism that provides a gravitational effect on any body, as well as the mechanism of a drop in pressure-density of a liquid (gas) in height, providing a buoyant Archimedean force acting on a submerged body.What we call a fall in the material sense is an ascent, an expulsion in relation to the ether.

Thus, the so-called gravitational influence is a simple mechanical extrusion of a body from more dense regions of the ethereal medium into less dense ones. Since the frictional resistance of the ether is negligible, it is the unevenness of the ether pressure according to the degree of distance from the source of gravity that provides the gravitational effect on bodies with inertial mass.

Moreover, if any celestial body, the mass of inertia m will fall into the zone of action of another object with gravitational mass M, then in the direction of the center of gravity the squeezing force of the ether will act on itF, proportional to the volume of the ether displaced by the first body (as in Archimedes’ law – the displaced liquid), and the pressure gradient of the ether (which should also be introduced into Archimedes’ law in relation to liquids and gases). Since the volume of displaced ether is characterized by the mass of inertia, and the pressure gradient is proportional to the mass of gravity and inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the center of gravity, then

F = m·K / r 2 = γ·m·M / r 2 ,

Where γ – coefficient of proportionality, which reduces the dimension of the parameters included in the formula to the dimension of force, called the gravitational constant.

It should be noted that this well-known formula of the so-called law of Universal Gravitation implies that one of the two bodies has a gravitational mass. The other body does not have gravitational mass or its value is negligible. If both bodies have gravitational mass, then a force will act on each of them:

F = F 1 + F 2 = m 1 · K 2 / r 2 + m 2 · K 1 / r 2 = γ · (m 1 · M 2 + m 2 ·M 1) / r 2 .

Let's continue our reasoning. The ether, moving towards a body with gravity, seems to merge from all sides into a spherical hole. In this case, what we often see when draining water in the bathroom happens: the flow of ether breaks into ether gate, which gradually drags the central body itself into rotational motion. In this case, the etheric turn is two-way: two opposite funnels are formed, rotating in the same direction. The plane separating them, orthogonal to the axis of the ether gate, becomes equatorial. In this plane, the ether almost does not move towards the center of the gravitational object, but rotates around it.

It should be noted that, despite the difference in the directions of the ether flows around the gravitational body relative to its center, the absolute speed of its movement will be the same at all points of any conditional concentric sphere, and the closer to the body, the higher the speed of the ether. A,the faster the ether moves, the lower its pressure (density) –phenomenon known as the Bernoulli effect. Thus, gThe radiant of ether pressure in the direction of the body at all points of the concentric sphere will also be the same.

Since in the equatorial plane the centripetal movement of the ether has turned into rotational, then its centrifugal accelerationamust be equal to the centripetalg. Hence:

a = K / r 2 (1).

Linear (tangential) rotation speed:v = ( ar) 1/2 . Substituting formula (1) into this expression, we obtain:

v = ( K / r) 1/2 2).

The angular speed of rotation and linear speed are related by the relationship: ω = v / r. Substituting formula (2) here, we get:

ω = ( K / r 3 ) 1/2 (3).

The dependence of the orbital period on angular velocity is determined by the expression:T = 2 π / ω . Substituting formula (3), we get:

T = 2 π ( r 3 / K) 1/2 (4).

For a circle in the equatorial plane of radiusr 1 the circulation period of the ether will be equalT 1 = 2 π ( r 1 3 / K) 1/2 , and for a circle of radiusr 2 the circulation period is determined asT 2 = 2 π ( r 2 3 / K) 1/2 . Whence it follows that the ratio of the squares of the periods of rotation of the ether along two different circles of the equatorial plane is equal to the ratio of the cubes of the corresponding radii:

T 1 2 / T 2 2 = ( r 1 ) 3 / ( r 2 ) 3 .

For material objects rotating in the flow of ether in the equatorial plane (for example, the planets of the Solar system in the constant Laplace plane), the last formula is known as Kepler's first law, discovered by him empirically.

From formula (4) it follows that the constantK = 4 π 2 r 3 / T 2 .For the Solar System a constantKis calculated most accurately using the parameters of the Earth's orbit, since for itT= 1 z.g. (earth year) andr= 1 a.u. (astronomical unit), whileK = 39.4784176 [(a.u.) 3 /(z.g.) 2 ] .

Thus, the movement of the ether around a celestial body is a two-way etheric vortex (etheric vortex) (Fig. 4). In its equatorial plane, the ether performs an almost circular motion. The farther from this plane, the more and more acute the conical spiral the ether and the celestial bodies captured by its flow move towards the central object. At its poles, the direction of movement of the ether is almost vertical. It is clear that with such a movement of the ether, all celestial bodies that fall within the zone of action of its ether gate will ultimately either fall onto the central object (the Sun) or will be squeezed into the equatorial plane and will rotate around it. Obviously, this is how the orbits of the planets of the Solar System and, in turn, the orbits of the natural satellites of the planets were formed. This also explains why the planes of the planets’ orbits do not diverge relative to the unchanged Laplace plane. In addition, the rotating flow of ether is a source of energy that fuels the movement of planets around the Sun in stable orbits. If they moved only by inertia, obeying only the law of universal gravitation, then quicklyá would be exerted on the central body due to braking caused, for example, by mutual gravitational influence.

Fig.4.Movement of ether around a celestial body

It should be noted that due to the absence of friction and the presence of distance between atoms, the ether flows around and passes through any material structure more easily than water through a coarse mesh network. But a certain windage The substance still has (drag) which allows the ether to carry it into its flows. Thus, the ether is not stationary and not carried away, broadcast - fascinating. It is he who, “flowing” into the stars and planets, breaks into the ethereal gate, drawing the celestial bodies themselves into its rotation. This explains, in particular, why the atmosphere rotates faster than the Earth itself.

From all of the above it follows that the phenomenon of so-called gravity– element peculiar energy cycle in Nature: the mass of matter as a result of the decay of atoms “evaporates” in the form of ethereal waves, at the same time, gravitational “precipitates” of energy in the form of matter fall on the source of radiation. You can say:gravity– kind compensation for energy losses to its source .

So the planets revolve around the Sun not because it attracts them with its mass, but because it shines and warms - it emits energy (it’s warm and cozy around it - so they don’t fly away). If we talk about attraction, then in naturethere is only one type of it - with the help of a rope and some kind of mother (check with the barge haulers), and derivatives from it. Everything else is pressure and extrusion.

The most powerful source of energy and, accordingly, gravity in the Universe are shining stars.The cause of gravity can also be the radiation of thermal (infrared) energy from a pre-heated body (as is known, the mass of a heated body is greater than the mass of a cold body). Finally, any body has gravity determined by its radioactivity. Since radioactivity, to one degree or another, is inherent in almost all objects, it can be assumed that it was precisely this that misled Cavendish and his followers.

So, as a rule, The cause of gravity is the emission of energy by a material object due to its mass , that is, the body loses some volume of retained absolute emptiness, as a result of which the surrounding ether rushes towards the body.They may object:

– What about black holes, these bodies are so massive and super-dense that even light cannot escape from their gravity. Here you go, there is gravity, but there is no radiation.

– Everything is correct, there is gravity, but there is no radiation, just as there is no material object itself, neither super-dense nor super-loose. Empty! It’s just a hole – an area of ​​relatively low ether pressure. And therefore there is no radiation - there is nothing to emit.

Black holes are zones of relatively low ether pressure without the presence of significant material objects in them. They are formed as a result of movements of ether masses in the same way as tornadoes or whirlpools are formed in the ocean as a result of movements of air or water masses. Naturally, a black hole draws in ether and any material objects, the atoms of which immediately disintegrate due to the reduced ether pressure. A really accurate name: “black holes” - there really is nothing in them, even the ether in these zones is in a less compressed state than the surrounding one. Thus, in the general case, gravity is the result of the presence of a pressure gradient in the ethereal medium, the source of which can be material objects that radiate energy due to their mass and draw in the surrounding ether, as well as vortex movements of the etheric masses.

Now let's consider one of the consequences of the law of World Extrusion - trends in orbit distribution celestial bodies

As it turned out with the discovery of distant planets, Bode's law (or Titius-Bode rule) is not observed in the Solar System. But maybe the orbits of the planets are somehow ordered? We see that the farther from the Sun, the rarer the orbits of the planets. And as Henri Poincaré taught: the task of a scientist is to systematize. Let's see how it looks in the table:

Planets	Mercury								asteroids												meaning
R, a.u.	0,39		0,72				1,52						9,54		19,18		30,06		39,53
Rn+1/Rn		1,846		1,389		1,520		1,908		1,793		1,835		2,010		1,567		1,315		1,687
% to average		109,43%		82,33%		90,10%		113,09%		106,29%		108,75%		119,17%		92,90%		77,95%
Deviation		9,43%		17,67%		9,90%		13,09%		6,29%		8,75%		19,17%		7,10%		22,05%

The table shows that the orbits are located in approximately accordance with the Fibonacci series and the ratio of the radius of any orbit to the radius of the orbit of the preceding planet is close, by the way, to"Divine number" (Divine proportion, golden ratio) φ : 1,618 .

The same table for the linear velocities of the ether in the orbits of the planets of the Solar System looks like this:

Planets	Mercury								asteroids												meaning
V, km/sec	48,8				29,8		24,2		17,8		13,06		9,65		6,78		5,42		4,75
Vn/Vn+1		1,394		1,174		1,231		1,36		1,363		1,353		1,423		1,251		1,141		1, 299
% to average		107,32%		90,38%		94,77%		104,70%		104,94%		104,17%		109,56%		96,31%		87,84%
Deviation		7,32%		9,62%		5,23%		4,70%		4,94%		4,17%		9,56%		3,69%		12,16%

And, interestingly, the ratio of the planet’s speed to the speed of the previous one is close in value to the second golden ratio: 1,273 .

The specified rule for the distribution of the orbits of celestial bodies is not rigid, but it is obvious that “the tendency is the same.”

How can one explain this orderliness?– We can offer the following line of reasoning.The angular speed of rotation of the ether should gradually decrease as it moves away from the source of gravity. Theoretically, this decrease is characterized by a hyperbolic dependence (3). However, under conditions of general ether pressure, the layers of ether closer to the center try to drag along the more distant ones, that is, to transfer their angular velocity to them. On the other hand, more distant layers of the ether, on the contrary, slow down the previous ones. As a result, both of them succeed to some extent. But in a certain place there is a sharp separation of rotating ring-shaped ethereal regions, rotating at different angular velocities (Fig. 5).Ether rings break when their average linear velocity differs by a factor of approximately 1.3.

Fig.5.Travel speedether in the equatorial plane

If we consider the movement of the ether in a conditional ring, then at the calculated speed the ether rotates near the axis of the ring. More distant layers move at a speed greater than calculated and tend to move away even further. The nearby layers, on the contrary, have a speed less than the calculated one and tend to the source of gravity. As a result, an annular zone with a relatively low ether pressure or ether track, which is the most probable trajectory of the orbit of the cart of a celestial body (Fig. 6, 7). This ensures the stability of the planet’s movement in its orbit - as they say, where will it go from the rut... Just kidding. Of course, the etheric track is not steel rails from which it is impossible to get off, but, nevertheless, a certain stabilizing factor. Even if something slightly deviates the planet from its orbit, the etheric pressure will gradually return it to its place.

Fig.6.Movement of ether in the etheric ring

Fig.7.Location of satellite orbits in the etheric tracks of the equatorial plane of a celestial body

Between the main tracks of a gravitational object there are intermediate and less “deep” ones, between which there are even more intermediate ones, and so on, that is, they are distributed according to a harmonic law.

Ether ruts are invisible to the human eye. But just as fingerprints appear under the influence of a special powder, so etheric tracks appear when finely dispersed cosmic “powder” gets into them. This is clearly visible on the rings of Saturn, as well as Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.

If there are no gravitational satellites nearby, then not only the main tracks are filled, but also all the intermediate tracks, such as, for example, the same rings around Saturn. That is why these rings are very thin and frequent and correspond to the etheric tracks formed around the giant.

Possessing their own gravity, the planets also form their own etheric vortex. Moreover, the direction of its rotation corresponds to the rotation of the general vortex created by the central celestial body. This is due to the fact that the planet is not attracted to it at all, but is squeezed out by the ether, so it is pressed against the outer side of the track and spins around its axis in the same direction as the main vortex and the central body itself. The speed of its rotation is determined by its own etheric vortex.

In one orbit, as in a den, more than one independent celestial body with gravity (absorbing the surrounding ether) cannot coexist. Because it, like a vacuum cleaner, will slowly collect all the garbage in its rut, only it will all be covered in crater-scars after that, and it will acquire back-eater companions, or it will itself be absorbed by a stronger competitor. But in the asteroid rut there was no such garbage collector. There is a rut, but there is no planet-gatherer. So the poor fellows of asteroids are hanging out, doing nothing, like in an ice hole.

The rings of Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, and the asteroid belt are clear evidence that not all material objects have noticeable gravity, since they are formed from fairly stable atoms and do not release energy. There has never been a planet between Mars and Jupiter, and the assembled Phaeton has never raced, but there is a track, and it is filled with its spare parts. It just so happened that in this rut ​​there was no body containing a sufficient number of decaying atoms. But perhaps it will be: a gradual drop in ether pressure with the expansion of the Universe can lead to the disintegration of the atoms that make up the asteroids, they will begin to emit energy, and under the pressure of the ether they will be compressed into a single planet. If at least one of the asteroids flares up, then the rest will “reach out” to it, implementing the “Phaeton” project.

Let's summarize.

The existence of the ether is so certain that denying it is, I would even say, irrational.Here are just some arguments in favor of the existence of ether: this is, firstly and most importantly, the unity and interconnection of all elements of the Universe; then, the existence of so-called electromagnetic (ethereal) waves; deflection of a light beam near a gravitational object under the influence of an ethereal flow; explanation of all interactions: gravity, as well as electrical, magnetic, intra-atomic from the point of view of classical mechanics, pressure and movement of the ether; the location of the orbits of the planets near the equatorial plane of the Sun, the stability and orderliness of these orbits, Kepler's laws and other laws of celestial mechanics; finally, the expansion of the Universe under the influence of ether pressure and many others. Here you can add the argument that non-ethereal physics provided, made with your own hands, experimentally proving the non-existence of gravitational fields (did not catch gravitons).

It can also be noted that when using the theory of the ether, there is no need to put on a super-smart appearance, to puff yourself up, talking about the obvious and incredible, to abandon common sense - the experience of mankind (there is no need to take incredible paradoxes and absurdities for granted), it is only necessary, as in In the event of a transition from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the solar system, change the initial point of view and everything will fall into place. It remains surprising that with such an indisputable fact of the existence of ether, the point of view that presupposes an etherless model of the Universe officially dominates, unless one assumes that terrestrial science is controlled by aliens, not allowing it to develop in the right direction.

So what's on the other side of the scale? - the crown of etherless physics - the most relative of all theories, which does not even need to be refuted, since it does this to itself. It is literally stuffed with paradoxes, any of which is enough to honor this “theory” with a minute of silence: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Please sit down.

I would especially like to mention “crooked space”. Of course, such a pearl moves powerfully. Actually, curvature is a characteristic of an object in space. And where, may I ask, does space itself bend?

It's also funny to read about time. It accelerates, and slows down, and moves backwards, not time, but a pure locomotive.Moreover, time was crossed with space (!!!) into a single mutant space-time continuum and forced to act together.But we are talking only about a counter of certain events chosen by the observer, in relation to which others are considered. An event is any change in the state of the surrounding (and internal) environment recorded by the senses or instruments. The change of events means the movement of matter. That is, time is a consequence of the movement of matter, and not vice versa (although many again consider it obvious that movement occurs in the current time itself). The movement of matter is primary, and time – secondary, derivative . Time is the (invented, artificial) parameter with which you can characterize the acceleration and deceleration of objects. I wonder, in what environment can time itself speed up and slow down?... Rhetorical question...It’s true what they say: the more absurd the statement, the easier it is to believe it.

Despite all this, modern physics likes to attribute engineering achievements to itself, like: “I’m so fundamental, and it’s all thanks to me! Therefore, all my theories are correct." In fact, engineering thought (in the sense of the practical use of knowledge) up to a certain point has little connection with fundamental physical theories. It operates mainly “by touch”, empirically. Thus, in ancient times, there were ideas about the Sky that were absolutely incompatible with reality, however, this did not prevent the use of astronomical data for navigation, to determine the start of agricultural work, and so on. But there comes a time when, for further development, it is necessary to radically change your ideas about the world around you: it is difficult, for example, to plan a flight into space orbit if you assume that along the way you will run into a crystal sphere.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the situation in modern physics is strikingly reminiscent, oddly enough, of religious confrontation. Moreover, non-ethereal physics is kind dense scientific paganism, and here ethereal physics – acts as true scientific monotheism. Sections of non-ethereal physics are the domains of sovereign gods with their tablets, in no way connected with each other; the microworld, the macroworld, objects on a cosmic scale also live on their own, according to their own laws, with their idols, like those same parallel worlds (and where are you, William of Occam with his sharp razor?). It is useless to try to modernize etherless physics, just as it was useless to modernize the geocentric model of the universe. It will have to be abandoned. Without Ether, the Great Unification in Physics is impossible! He who has understanding, let him understand.

The trouble, however, is that by constantly finding and presenting new evidence, supporters of the ether thereby devalue them - since they are proving something again, it means it has not yet been fully proven. Opponents, it seems, will not believe even if they put their fingers into the etheric tori, or see the etherons through a super-duper microscope. It seems that they are ready to declare any manifestation of the ether as a consequence of anything: the curvature of space, the slowdown or acceleration of time, the action of evil spirits, but not the ether. No need to pay attention to this. You just need to move towards building a real physical picture of the One World.

This, in fact, is the end of the fairy tale, and those who listened,... read,... and most importantly, thought... In general, everyone did well! Thanks to all! Everybody's Free.

Lipetsk

April 2007

LITERATURE

1. Antonov V.M. Ether. Russian theory. – Lipetsk, LGPI, 1999, 160 p( http://bourabai.narod.ru/antonov/ether.htm).

2. Antonov V.M. Gravitational fields in ethereal space. / http://antonov.314159. ru/ antonov19. htm .

3. Bukov A.A. Law of World Extrusion. / http:// bourabai. people ru/ bukov/ gravitac. htm) “One of Hooke's most significant contributions to physics was the formulation of the law that the force of gravitational attraction varies in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between objects. It was this idea that seemed to lay the fatal rift in Hooke’s relationship with Newton, which at first, it must be said, was very correct. As evidenced by documents from the correspondence of members of the Royal Society in the 1680s, priority for the discovery clearly belonged to Hooke. However, Isaac Newton, when preparing the first edition of his book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687, which later became the most influential book on physics ever written, was completely deliberately silent about Hooke's contribution. This caused the latter’s quite natural dissatisfaction, which marked the beginning of open hostility. Subsequently, after Hooke's death in 1703, Newton did everything to consign to oblivion any mention of the role of a “rival” in the discovery of the law of gravitation.”

Bird Kiwi. A book about the strange. – M.: Bestseller, 2003

1. Any working program is already outdated.

2. Any program costs more and takes longer to compile than it could.

3. If the program is of practical value, changes have to be made to it.

4. If the program is useless, it must be written down.

5. Any program grows until it fills all available memory.

6. The value of a program is proportional to the amount of data it produces.

7. The complexity of the program increases until it exceeds the abilities of the programmer who must work with it.

Tuatman programming postulates

1. If the trial system works flawlessly, all subsequent ones will not function.

3. Cards in the HR department file that cannot be mixed up end up mixed up.

4. Interchangeable films are not interchangeable.

5. If your computer has write protection against unwanted data, there will be an inventive idiot who will find a way to bypass it and enter his data.

Beech's Law

New software plus worker equals legacy software.

Computer laws according to Golub

1. Vague formulation of project goals is used to avoid unpleasant moments when determining the expected costs of achieving these goals.

2. Implementation of a poorly planned project takes three times longer than it could; carefully planned project - twice.

3. Efforts aimed at correcting the course of project development are growing exponentially.

4. Teams implementing a particular project really don’t like to submit weekly reports on their successes, because this clearly demonstrates the lack of success.

Law of cybernetic ethmology

There is always another “bug” in the program (from the English “bug”, here: error in the program).

Shaw principle

If you have developed a system that even a fool can understand, then only a fool will use it.

IBM principle

The machine must work, and the person must think.

Comment by E. Dijkstra

If debugging is the process of removing errors, then programming should be the process of introducing them.

Grid's Law

A machine program does what you tell it to do, not what you want it to do.

Computer axiom by Leo Beiser

When putting something into a computer, remember where you put it.

Steinbach System Programming Manual

Never identify errors in a program unless you know what to do with them next.

Addition by Mark Davison

Have you reached the point where you don't have time to solve those problems that take up all your time?

Law of Unreliability

It is human nature to make mistakes, but only a computer can completely confuse everything.

Gilb's Laws of Reliability

1. Computers are unreliable, but people are even more unreliable.

2. Any system that depends on human reliability is unreliable.

3. The number of errors that cannot be detected is infinite, as opposed to the number of errors that can be detected - it is finite by definition.

4. Money will be invested in the quest to improve reliability until it exceeds the cost of inevitable errors or until someone demands that at least some useful work be done.

Computer law applied to Al

The machine calculates, the person makes (decisions).

Charles Portman Law (ICL)

When it seems that everything is already working, everything is integrated into the system - you still have four months of work left.

It is natural and correct to be interested in the world around us and the patterns of its functioning and development. That is why it is reasonable to pay attention to natural sciences, for example, physics, which explains the very essence of the formation and development of the Universe. The basic physical laws are not difficult to understand. Schools introduce children to these principles at a very young age.

For many, this science begins with the textbook “Physics (7th grade)”. The basic concepts of thermodynamics are revealed to schoolchildren; they become familiar with the core of the main physical laws. But should knowledge be limited to school? What physical laws should every person know? This will be discussed later in the article.

Science physics

Many of the nuances of the science described are familiar to everyone from early childhood. This is due to the fact that, in essence, physics is one of the areas of natural science. It tells about the laws of nature, the action of which influences the life of everyone, and in many ways even ensures it, about the characteristics of matter, its structure and patterns of movement.

The term "physics" was first recorded by Aristotle in the fourth century BC. Initially, it was synonymous with the concept of “philosophy”. After all, both sciences had a single goal - to correctly explain all the mechanisms of the functioning of the Universe. But already in the sixteenth century, as a result of the scientific revolution, physics became independent.

General law

Some basic laws of physics are applied in various branches of science. In addition to them, there are those that are considered to be common to all of nature. This is about

It implies that the energy of each closed system during the occurrence of any phenomena in it is certainly conserved. Nevertheless, it is capable of transforming into another form and effectively changing its quantitative content in different parts of the named system. At the same time, in an open system, the energy decreases provided that the energy of any bodies and fields that interact with it increases.

In addition to the above general principle, physics contains basic concepts, formulas, laws that are necessary for the interpretation of processes occurring in the surrounding world. Exploring them can be incredibly exciting. Therefore, this article will briefly discuss the basic laws of physics, but in order to understand them more deeply, it is important to pay full attention to them.

Mechanics

Many basic laws of physics are revealed to young scientists in grades 7-9 at school, where such a branch of science as mechanics is more fully studied. Its basic principles are described below.

1. Galileo's law of relativity (also called the mechanical law of relativity, or the basis of classical mechanics). The essence of the principle is that under similar conditions, mechanical processes in any inertial reference frames are completely identical.
2. Hooke's law. Its essence is that the greater the impact on an elastic body (spring, rod, console, beam) from the side, the greater its deformation.

Newton's laws (represent the basis of classical mechanics):

1. The principle of inertia states that any body is capable of being at rest or moving uniformly and in a straight line only if no other bodies act on it in any way, or if they somehow compensate for the action of each other. To change the speed of movement, the body must be acted upon with some force, and, of course, the result of the influence of the same force on bodies of different sizes will also differ.
2. The main principle of dynamics states that the greater the resultant of the forces that are currently acting on a given body, the greater the acceleration it receives. And, accordingly, the greater the body weight, the lower this indicator.
3. Newton's third law states that any two bodies always interact with each other according to an identical pattern: their forces are of the same nature, are equivalent in magnitude and necessarily have the opposite direction along the straight line that connects these bodies.
4. The principle of relativity states that all phenomena occurring under the same conditions in inertial reference systems occur in an absolutely identical way.

Thermodynamics

The school textbook, which reveals to students the basic laws (“Physics. Grade 7”), also introduces them to the basics of thermodynamics. We will briefly consider its principles below.

The laws of thermodynamics, which are basic in this branch of science, are of a general nature and are not related to the details of the structure of a particular substance at the atomic level. By the way, these principles are important not only for physics, but also for chemistry, biology, aerospace engineering, etc.

For example, in the named industry there is a rule that defies logical definition: in a closed system, the external conditions for which are unchanged, an equilibrium state is established over time. And the processes that continue in it invariably compensate each other.

Another rule of thermodynamics confirms the desire of a system, which consists of a colossal number of particles characterized by chaotic motion, to independently transition from states less probable for the system to more probable ones.

And the Gay-Lussac law (also called it) states that for a gas of a certain mass under conditions of stable pressure, the result of dividing its volume by the absolute temperature certainly becomes a constant value.

Another important rule of this industry is the first law of thermodynamics, which is also called the principle of conservation and transformation of energy for a thermodynamic system. According to him, any amount of heat that was imparted to the system will be spent exclusively on the metamorphosis of its internal energy and its performance of work in relation to any acting external forces. It was this pattern that became the basis for the formation of the operation scheme of heat engines.

Another gas law is Charles' law. It states that the greater the pressure of a certain mass of an ideal gas while maintaining a constant volume, the greater its temperature.

Electricity

The 10th grade of school reveals interesting basic laws of physics to young scientists. At this time, the main principles of the nature and patterns of action of electric current, as well as other nuances, are studied.

Ampere's law, for example, states that conductors connected in parallel, through which current flows in the same direction, inevitably attract, and in the case of the opposite direction of current, they repel, respectively. Sometimes the same name is used for a physical law that determines the force acting in an existing magnetic field on a small section of a conductor that is currently conducting current. That's what they call it - the Ampere force. This discovery was made by a scientist in the first half of the nineteenth century (namely in 1820).

The law of conservation of charge is one of the basic principles of nature. It states that the algebraic sum of all electric charges arising in any electrically isolated system is always conserved (becomes constant). Despite this, this principle does not exclude the emergence of new charged particles in such systems as a result of certain processes. Nevertheless, the total electric charge of all newly formed particles must certainly be zero.

Coulomb's law is one of the main ones in electrostatics. It expresses the principle of the interaction force between stationary point charges and explains the quantitative calculation of the distance between them. Coulomb's law makes it possible to substantiate the basic principles of electrodynamics experimentally. It states that stationary point charges certainly interact with each other with a force, which is higher, the greater the product of their magnitudes and, accordingly, the smaller, the smaller the square of the distance between the charges in question and the medium in which the described interaction occurs.

Ohm's law is one of the basic principles of electricity. It states that the greater the strength of the direct electric current acting on a certain section of the circuit, the greater the voltage at its ends.

They call it a principle that allows you to determine the direction in a conductor of a current moving in a certain way under the influence of a magnetic field. To do this, you need to position your right hand so that the lines of magnetic induction figuratively touch the open palm, and extend your thumb in the direction of movement of the conductor. In this case, the remaining four straightened fingers will determine the direction of movement of the induction current.

This principle also helps to find out the exact location of the magnetic induction lines of a straight conductor conducting current at a given moment. It happens like this: place the thumb of your right hand so that it points and figuratively grasp the conductor with the other four fingers. The location of these fingers will demonstrate the exact direction of the magnetic induction lines.

The principle of electromagnetic induction is a pattern that explains the process of operation of transformers, generators, and electric motors. This law is as follows: in a closed loop, the greater the induction generated, the greater the rate of change of the magnetic flux.

Optics

The Optics branch also reflects part of the school curriculum (basic laws of physics: grades 7-9). Therefore, these principles are not as difficult to understand as they might seem at first glance. Their study brings with it not just additional knowledge, but a better understanding of the surrounding reality. The basic laws of physics that can be attributed to the study of optics are the following:

1. Guynes principle. It is a method that can effectively determine the exact position of the wave front at any given fraction of a second. Its essence is as follows: all points that are in the path of the wave front in a certain fraction of a second, in essence, themselves become sources of spherical waves (secondary), while the location of the wave front in the same fraction of a second is identical to the surface , which goes around all spherical waves (secondary). This principle is used to explain existing laws related to the refraction of light and its reflection.
2. The Huygens-Fresnel principle reflects an effective method for resolving issues related to wave propagation. It helps explain elementary problems associated with the diffraction of light.
3. waves It is equally used for reflection in a mirror. Its essence is that both the incident beam and the one that was reflected, as well as the perpendicular constructed from the point of incidence of the beam, are located in a single plane. It is also important to remember that the angle at which the beam falls is always absolutely equal to the angle of refraction.
4. The principle of light refraction. This is a change in the trajectory of an electromagnetic wave (light) at the moment of movement from one homogeneous medium to another, which differs significantly from the first in a number of refractive indices. The speed of light propagation in them is different.
5. Law of rectilinear propagation of light. At its core, it is a law related to the field of geometric optics, and is as follows: in any homogeneous medium (regardless of its nature), light propagates strictly rectilinearly, over the shortest distance. This law explains the formation of shadows in a simple and accessible way.

Atomic and nuclear physics

The basic laws of quantum physics, as well as the fundamentals of atomic and nuclear physics, are studied in high school and higher education institutions.

Thus, Bohr's postulates represent a series of basic hypotheses that became the basis of the theory. Its essence is that any atomic system can remain stable only in stationary states. Any emission or absorption of energy by an atom necessarily occurs using the principle, the essence of which is as follows: radiation associated with transportation becomes monochromatic.

These postulates relate to the standard school curriculum studying the basic laws of physics (grade 11). Their knowledge is mandatory for a graduate.

Basic laws of physics that a person should know

Some physical principles, although they belong to one of the branches of this science, are nevertheless of a general nature and should be known to everyone. Let us list the basic laws of physics that a person should know:

• Archimedes' law (applies to the areas of hydro- and aerostatics). It implies that any body that has been immersed in a gaseous substance or liquid is subject to a kind of buoyant force, which is necessarily directed vertically upward. This force is always numerically equal to the weight of the liquid or gas displaced by the body.
• Another formulation of this law is as follows: a body immersed in a gas or liquid certainly loses as much weight as the mass of the liquid or gas in which it was immersed. This law became the basic postulate of the theory of floating bodies.
• The law of universal gravitation (discovered by Newton). Its essence is that absolutely all bodies inevitably attract each other with a force, which is greater, the greater the product of the masses of these bodies and, accordingly, the less, the smaller the square of the distance between them.

These are the 3 basic laws of physics that everyone who wants to understand the functioning mechanism of the surrounding world and the peculiarities of the processes occurring in it should know. It is quite simple to understand the principle of their operation.

The value of such knowledge

The basic laws of physics must be in a person’s knowledge base, regardless of his age and type of activity. They reflect the mechanism of existence of all of today's reality, and, in essence, are the only constant in a continuously changing world.

Basic laws and concepts of physics open up new opportunities for studying the world around us. Their knowledge helps to understand the mechanism of existence of the Universe and the movement of all cosmic bodies. It turns us not into mere observers of daily events and processes, but allows us to be aware of them. When a person clearly understands the basic laws of physics, that is, all the processes occurring around him, he gets the opportunity to control them in the most effective way, making discoveries and thereby making his life more comfortable.

Results

Some are forced to study in depth the basic laws of physics for the Unified State Exam, others due to their occupation, and some out of scientific curiosity. Regardless of the goals of studying this science, the benefits of the knowledge gained can hardly be overestimated. There is nothing more satisfying than understanding the basic mechanisms and patterns of existence of the world around us.

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